Ch 1 - Principes and Goals of Global Health PDF

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Professor - Kim Winnard
Lecture for Exam 1 ...

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Ch 1 – Principles and Goals of Global Health 

What is Health? o Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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Public Health Is o The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary environment o The control of community infections; the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene; the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and treatment of disease o The development of the social machinery to ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health

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Define Public Health o The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health o Organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health o The totality of all evidence based public and private efforts that preserve and promote health and prevent disease o Serving the public good and social justice o The Health Care System vs. Public Health (not the same thing)

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Why Study Global Health? o Diseases are not limited by national boundaries o Understand the progress that has already been made o Understand the challenges that still remain o Significant health disparities among groups o Links between health and development

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Global Health o Health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may best be addressed by cooperative actions o An area for study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide o Global health emphasizes transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions, involves many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration; and is a synthesis of population based prevention with individual level clinical care

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Global and Public Health Key Principles Are the Same o Focus on the public good o Belief in a global perspective o A scientific and interdisciplinary approach o The need for multilevel approaches to interventions o The need for comprehensive frameworks for health policies and financing

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Critical Global Health Concepts o Determinants of health o Measurement of health status

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o Importance of culture to health o Global burden of disease o Key risk factors o Demographic and epidemiologic systems o Links among health, education, poverty, and equity 

Organization of Data o Six World Bank Geographic Regions  Africa (sub-Saharan Africa)  East Asia and Pacific  Europe and Central Asia  Latin America and the Caribbean  Middle East and North Africa  South Asia o World Health Organization (WHO) Regions  Africa  The Americas  South-East Asia  Europe  Eastern Mediterranean  Western Pacific

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Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) o Countries signed pledged to meet goals by 2015 – still in effect in many countries o Explicit statement of goals for development efforts o All relate to health, whether directly or indirectly o Important to understanding global health issues

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Key Messages of Chapter 1 o Strong links exist between health, human development, labor productivity, and economic development o Enormous progress in improving health status over last 50 years o Much of the progress due to improvements in public hygiene, better water and sanitation, and better education o Progress in health status has been very uneven across countries o Health status is determined by a variety of factors o Enormous disparities in health status and access to health services within and across countries o Countries do not need to be high-income to enjoy good health status o Burden of disease is evolving in light of economic and social changes, the aging of populations, and scientific and technical progress o Some issues can only be solved through cooperation o People and communities have the ability to enhance their own health status o Each of us should be concerned with the health of others for heath, security, and humanitarian reasons

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