Ch 14 Summary - Special Education in Contemporary Society PDF

Preview

Summary

chapter summary...

Description

Madelyn Heidenreich Chapter 14 Summary Students who have physical and health disabilities are one of the most diverse categories of students receiving special education services. Depending on an individual’s disability and how it affects their educational performances, students get special services under IDEA. People who have concomitant loss of both vision and hearing are identified as deaf-blind. Individuals with deaf-blindness are a heterogeneous group of learners varying in their needs, abilities, and educational requirements. A long time ago, about ancient times, children with physical or health impairments were very very looked down upon by society. Sadly, they typically were just left to die. Institutions initially provided training and treatment for individuals with physical disabilities but eventually evolved to only providing custodial care. Physical disabilities, health disabilities, and low incidence disabilities have multiple different causes. The common etiologies can be grouped under chromosomal and genetic causes, teratogens, prematurity, and complications in pregnancy. Children diagnosed with physical or health disabilities (as well as low-incidence disabilities) comprise about eighteen percent of the population of students receiving special education and special services. The characteristics of individuals with disabilities really depend on the specific conditions and severity. Some individuals with neuromotor impairments (like cerebral palsy and spina bifida) have impaired motor movements. They often have additional disabilities associated with that specific condition. Children with degenerative or life-limiting conditions (like duchenne muscular dystrophy) have progessive loss of control in moving their own bodies. Sometimes even affecting their lifespan. Students with orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder (like juvenile idiopathic arthritis or limb deficiencies) can have really

severe physical limitations. Individuals with traumatic brain injury can have deficits across cognitive, motor, health, physical, sensory, language social, and behavior domains. Educational placement of students with disabilities varies greatly depending on the disability. Physical and health disabilities typically fluctuate in their impact on school performance according to the type of disability involved, the functional effects of the disability, and the psychosocial and environmental factors surrounding the disability. Meeting the educational needs of students with physical, health, or related-low incidence disabilities involves lots of monitoring, adaptations, and specialized instructional strategies. The role of medical and assistive technology is prominent for students with physical and health disabilities. The advances in medical technology have majorly helped these individuals lead healthier lives....