Chapter 2 Introduction to Contemporary Special Education EDEX 523 Notes PDF

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Chapter 2 Introduction to Contemporary Special Education EDEX 523 Notes

56% of Dropouts are students of color in 2015. Dropout rates mostly include students from low income family and will likely end up unemployed, living in poverty, receive public assistance, be incarcerated (arrested/in jail), experience poor health, and have lower life expectancies. Dropouts- Doing little homework, not engaged in class, skipping classes, and feeling that educators don’t care about them. Another factor for dropouts could be bullying and aggressive behavior. Weak and “different” students are targeted due to characteristics such as disabilities, sexual orientation, obesity, physical frailty, or awkward social skills. (Almost 1 out of 3 students in school are victims of being bullied). These victims often experience depression, low self-esteem, poor grades, and other stress related health problems. Bystanders can be victims of being guilty, fearful, and powerlessness. What does this have to do with special education? -Students without disabilities may be misidentified as having disabilities because of their poor academic performance and may subsequently receive special education services despite policies and procedures aimed at preventing just such circumstances. -Issues of physical and emotional safety negatively affect school learning as students don’t learn well when they feel unsafe. Yet, students with disabilities are bullied in a higher rate than other students. -Addressing the students’ needs, it can help them reach their full potential.

Evidence Based Practices (Just one component of high quality instruction) Those instructors who don’t use Evidence Based Practices- using outdated instructional strategies that were popular decades ago but have not been proven efficient through scientific research. 

Randomized Controlled Trials- Studies in which students are randomly assigned to either an intervention (the practice being studied) or a control (“business as usual”) group.

-Teachers should accurately follow the same procedures used by the researchers when they validated the practice (guidelines, length and frequency of instructional time, etc). 

Universal Design of Learning (UDL)- Teachers intentionally provide flexible options within each curriculum elements to address students’ different learning needs. For ex: text-based materials could create a barrier of learning for those with visual disabilities. -Principle 1: Provide multiple means of representation (What?) -Principle 2: Provide multiple means of action and expression (How?) -Principle 3: Provide multiple means of engagement (Why?)...