CH 2 Notes PDF

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CH 2 The Medical Assistant and the Healthcare Team Vocabulary: Accreditation: The process by which an organization is recognized for adherence to a group of standards that meet or exceed the expectations of the accrediting agency Allopathic: A system of medical practice that treats disease by the use of remedies, such as medications and surgery, to produce effects different from those caused by the disease under treatment; medical doctors (MDs) and osteopaths (Dos) practice allopathic medicine; also called conventional medicine Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM: A group of diverse medical and healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine. Complementary medicine is used in combination with conventional medicine (allopathic or osteopathic); alternative medicine is used instead of conventional medicine Contamination: The process by which something becomes harmful or unusable through contact with something unclean Holistic: A form of healing that considers the whole person (i.e. body, mind, spirit, and emotions) in individual treatment plans Hospice: A concept of care that involves health professionals and volunteers who provide medical, psychological, and spiritual support to terminally ill patients and their loved ones Indicator: An important point or group of statistical values that, when evaluated, indicates the quality of care provided in a healthcare facility Negligence: Conduct that falls below the standards of behavior established by law; a negligent act is one that does not meet the standards of what is expected of a reasonably prudent person acting under similar circumstances Subluxations: Slight misalignments of the vertebrae or a partial dislocation Triage: The process of sorting patients to determine medical need and the priority of care

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MAs are multiskilled healthcare workers who function under the direction of a licensed provider Growth in opportunities due to baby boomers

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Increased demand for preventative health services

The History of Medicine

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Moses- First public health officer

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Presented rules of health to the Hebrews

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Knew contamination existed Hippocrates- Father of Medicine Hippocratic oath o

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Took the mysticism out of medicine and gave it a scientific basis

Body has capacity to heal itself Royal Society of London- 1662, earliest medical school John's Hopkins University school of Medicine- Baltimore Maryland

National Departments and Agencies that Focus on Health

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DHHS Department of Health and Human Services Provides essential human services and protects the health of all Americans, especially those unable to help themselves CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Conducts research on health-related issues and serves as a clearinghouse for information and statistics associated with healthcare NIH National Institute of Health Part of DHHS. Supports and conducts biomedical research into the causes and prevention of diseases and furnishes medical professionals with biomedical information OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Established and reinforces regulations to protect individuals in the workplace

Professional Medical Assisting Organizations

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1955- AAMA American Association of Medical Assistants began in Kansas 1959- Certification committee developed the AAMA Certification Program 1963- First certification exams were administered 1974- US Office of Education recognized AAMA as an official accrediting agency 1993- accreditation process restructured and became responsibility of CAAHEP Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs

Only graduates of CAAHEP-accredited programs or of programs accredited by ABHES Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools, can sit for the National Certification Exam to become a CMA Certified Medical Assistant

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1990- NHS National Healthcareer Association was established Offer certification examination in a number of allied health programs Offers 2 different medical assisting certifications: 1. CCMA Certified Clinical Medical Assistant 2. CMAA Certified Medical Administrative Assistant Not involved in program curriculum, just offers certification if the applicant can successfully pass the NHA examination

Medical Assistant Job Description MAs are the only allied health professionals specifically trained to work in ambulatory care settings Learn both clinical and administrative skills, but skills performed depend on place of employment

Clinical-

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Assisting during physical examinations Patient screening procedures Obtaining and recording vital signs and medical histories etc. Administrative Managing patient scheduling  Creating and maintaining patient health records  Coordinating 3rd party reimbursement etc. Play a significant role as a patient navigator- help coordinate the patient's care Pioneered by Dr. Harold Freeman to help eliminate the barriers patients face for receiving care in a timely manner

Allied Health Professionals Refers to those who can act only under the authority of a licensed medical practitioner Do not independently diagnose or prescribe treatment, but perform diagnostic procedures, therapeutic services, and provide care 1. Technicians (assistants) Trained to perform procedures Work under supervision of medical providers 2. Therapists Evaluate patients, diagnose conditions, develop treatment plans, and understand the rationale behind various treatments Allied health professionals work as part of a healthcare team

Medical Professionals

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Physicians and providers are the first contact for patients seeking medical care Patient may be referred to a specialist for further examination and treatment PCPs are referred to as gatekeepers because insurance policies require the patient to first be assessed and possibly treated by the PCP before they are referred to a specialist

Doctors of Medicine MD Allopathic physicians Diagnose illness and disease and prescribe treatment for their patients 37+ different specialty areas recognized by the American Board

Doctors of Osteopathy DO Use medicine and surgery, in addition to osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) in treating their patients DOs stress preventative medicine and holistic patient care, in addition to a special focus on the musculoskeletal system and OMT

Doctors of Chiropractic DC Focus on the nervous system to help patients live healthier lives Chiropractic adjustment removes any disruptions or distortions of energy flow that may be caused by subluxations- slight misalignments One of most common fields of complementary and alternative medicine ( CAM)

Hospitalists Physicians whose primary professional focus is the general medical care of hospitalized patients

Dentists DDS or DMD Level of education and clinical training is similar to those expected by medical schools

Optometrists OD Examine the eyes, test visual acuity, and treat vision defects by prescribing correctional lenses and optical aids

Podiatrists DPM Educated in the care of feet

Nurse Practitioners NP Provide basic patient care services, including diagnosing and prescribing medications for common illnesses

Nurse Anesthetists CRNA RNs who administer anesthetics to patients during surgical or inpatient diagnostic procedures

Physician Assistants PA Certified healthcare professional who provides diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative healthcare services under the supervision of a medical doctor

Types of Healthcare Facilities Hospitals Classified according to the type of care and services they provide to patients and by the type of ownership Primary Level of Care Smaller city or community hospital Secondary Level of Care Larger municipal or district hospital that provides a wide variety of specialty care and departments Tertiary Level of Care Provide care for complicated cases and trauma Medical centers, regional and specialty hospitals Private hospitals Run by a corporation or other organization and usually are designed to produce a profit for the owners or stockholders Nonprofit hospitals

Exist to serve the community in which they are located and are normally run by a board of directors Hospital system Group of facilities that are affiliated and work toward a common goal Integrated delivery system (IDS)- network of healthcare providers and organizations that arrange a coordinated continuum of services to a defined population Accreditation: Highest form of recognition for the quality of care a facility or organization provides Provides professional liability insurance benefits Indicators: standards that have been developed to help determine when patients are receiving high-quality care Used by the Joint commission that promote4s and evaluates the quality and care of a healthcare facility Joint commission also carefully evaluates patient safety; established the National Patient Safety Goals

Ambulatory Care Physician's offices, group practices, and multispecialty group practices Outpatient health services Occupational health centers, pain management centers, sleep centers, urgent care centers, dialysis centers

Other Healthcare Facilities Diagnostic laboratories Only lab tests that can be performed in a physician office are CLIA-waived Home health agencies Provide crucial services to patients who require medical follow-up but are not in a hospital setting Therapy services, administration and assistance with medications, wound care, hospice

Patient-Centered Medical Home PCMH Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ find it to be the key to achieving high-quality, accessible, efficient healthcare 5 core functions and attributes 1. Comprehensive care 2. Patient-centered care 3. Coordinated care 4. Accessible services 5. Quality and safety

Scope of Practice and Standards of Care for Medical Assistants Some states- Mas are overseen by board of nursing Others are overseen by the board of medicine Mas are not independent practitioners Every MA must practice under the direct supervision of a physician or licensed provider

MA cannot: Perform triage Prescribe medications Submit refill requests Administer IV Analyze / interpret test results Operate laser equipment Standards of care set minimum guidelines for job performance Define what the expected quality of care is and provides specific guidelines on whether the care standard has been met The practice of medical assisting is limited not only by individual state laws or norms, but also by the standards and scope of practice established by the supervising providers...