Ch 6 review - Lecture notes 6 PDF

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Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Chapter 6: bones and skeletal Name

Defintion

Osteocytes

Mature blood cells

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation

Spongy bone

Location of red bone marrow

Chondrocytes

Cartilage cells

Osteoblasts

Bone forming cells

Diaphysis

Shaft of a long bone

Medullary cavity

Hallow space in the shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

Expanded portion of the long bone as it ends

Periosteum

Fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of long bone

Endosteum

Thin connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Osteogenesis

Process of formation

Intramembranous ossification

Replacement of connective tissue membrane with bony tissue

Endochondral ossification

Replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissues

Epiphyseal plate

Longitudinal growth region of the long bone

Appositional growth

Growth of bone in thickness

Canaliculi

Narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osetocytes

Osteon

Basic functional unit of compact bone

Trabeculae

Tiny plates or needle-like processes of bone material found in song bone

Lamellae

Concentric rings that surround the Haversian canal

Volkmann’s canals

Proforating canals that carry interconnected blood vessels to the Haversian canal

Tuesday, September 24, 2019 Names

Defintion

Blood vessels

Structures contained in the central canal an osteon

Yellow bone marrow

The substance usually found in the medullary cavity of bones in an adult

Red bone marrow

Substances contained in the spaces of spongy bone

Calcium phosphate

The inorganic minerals contained in intercellular matrix of bone

Stages of intramembranous ossification ! - stage 1: Formation of an ossification center in the fibrous membrane ! - stage 2: Formation of bone matrix within the fibrous membrane ! - stage 3: Formation of woven bone and the periosteum ! - stage 4: Formation of compact bone plates and red marrow ! Stages of endochondral ossification ! - stage 1: Formation of bone collar around the diaphysis of the hyaline model ! - stage 2: Calcification of carriage in the center of the diaphysis ! - stage 3: Invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation ! - stage 4: Formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues ! - stage 5: ossification of the epiphysis ! !

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Types of cartilage ! ! - Hyaline cartilage: most abundant skeletal cartilage ! - Fibrocartilage: able to withstand large amounts to compression ! - Elastic cartilage: located in the external ear and epiglottis ! Functions of skeletal system ! ! - Protection: encloses brain and other soft organs ! - Movement: site of attachment for skeletal muscles ! - Mineral storage: calcium phosphate repository ! - Hematopoiesis: blood cell production! ! Bone tissues ! ! - Lamellae: rings of bone matrix ! - Lacunae: cavities in bone where bone cells live ! - Collagen: major organic fiber of bone ! - Calcium phosphate: major inorganic component of bone !

Bone cells !

- osteogenic cells: develop into osteoblasts! ! - osteoblasts: get trapped with the matrix and their structures and functions changes, and they become osteocytes ! - osteoblasts: BUILD UP BONES ! - osteocytes: mature cells that maintain bone tissue ! - osteoclasts: BREAK DOWN BONES !

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

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