Ch25 - Lecture notes ch 25 PDF

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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: pap13 Chapter Number: 25

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called: a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) Oxidation reactions Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.1 Describe metabolism and the reactions involved. Learning Objective 2: 25.1.1 Define metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.1 Metabolic Reactions

2) Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as a) Metabolism b) Anabolism c) Catabolism d) Metatheses e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.1 Describe metabolism and the reactions involved. Learning Objective 2: 25.1.1 Define metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.1 Metabolic Reactions

3) When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP what is formed? a) Adenosine diphosphate b) GTP c) Adenosine monophosphate

d) Metabolic water e) Glucose Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.1 Describe metabolism and the reactions involved. Learning Objective 2: 25.1.2 Explain the role of ATP in anabolism and catabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.1 Metabolic Reactions

4) Oxidation is a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.2 Understand the role of oxidation-reduction reactions and ATP in metabolism. Learning Objective 2: 25.2.1 Describe oxidation-reduction reactions. Section Reference 1: 25.2 Energy Transfer

5) Reduction is the a) The removal of protons b) The removal of electrons c) The addition of protons d) The addition of electrons e) None of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.2 Understand the role of oxidation-reduction reactions and ATP in metabolism. Learning Objective 2: 25.2.1 Describe oxidation-reduction reactions. Section Reference 1: 25.2 Energy Transfer

6) This is a derivative of riboflavin.

a) NAD b) FAD c) Lactic acid d) Pyruvic acid e) ADP Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.2 Understand the role of oxidation-reduction reactions and ATP in metabolism. Learning Objective 2: 25.2.1 Describe oxidation-reduction reactions. Section Reference 1: 25.2 Energy Transfer

7) Which of the following is NOT a form of phosphorylation? a) Reduction phosphorylation b) Substrate level phosphorylation c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Photophosphorylation e) None of these choices Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.2 Understand the role of oxidation-reduction reactions and ATP in metabolism. Learning Objective 2: 25.2.2 Explain the role of ATP in metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.2 Energy Transfer

8) Glycogenesis is NOT a) performed by the hepatocytes b) performed by muscle fibers c) one way to make glycogen d) one way to make glucose e) only seen in the liver Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

9) This process is the synthesis of triglycerides. a) Gluconeogensis b) Lipogenesis c) Phosphorylation d) Glycolysis e) Lipolysis Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.4 Describe the roles of lipids in metabolism and their transport in the blood. Learning Objective 2: 25.4.2 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of lipids. Section Reference 1: 25.4 Lipid Metabolism

10) This reaction oxidizes acetyl CoA to produce carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH+H+ and FADH2. a) Glycolysis b) Formation of acetyl co-A c) Krebs cycle d) Electron transport chain e) Phosphorylation Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

11) Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in: a) Lipogensis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glucose catabolism d) Formation of Glycogen e) Formation of vitamin C Answer: c Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

12) This is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis. a) ATP b) NADH c) Phosphofructokinase d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e) FAD Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

13) Where can pyruvate dehydrogenase be found? a) Cytosol of the cell b) Plasma membrane c) Lysozyme d) Mitochondria e) Interstitial fluid Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

14) The most abundant product of the reactions of the Krebs cycle is a) Carbon dioxide b) GTP c) Reduced coenzymes d) pyruvate e) water Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates.

Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

15) The net result of the complete oxidation of glucose does NOT include: a) water b) carbon dioxide c) ATP d) oxygen e) waste heat Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

16) How many reactions take place during the Krebs cycle? a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10 e) 12 Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

17) Accumulation of a large amount of H+ between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, is described as a) Proton pump b) Chemiosmosis c) Krebs cycle d) ATP synthesis e) Glycolysis Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates.

Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

18) How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4 Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

19) What hormone stimulates glycogenesis? a) Insulin b) Glucase c) Estrogen d) Lactic acid e) Protease Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

20) What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? a) Insulin b) Human Growth hormone c) Epinephrine d) Thyroid hormone e) Cortisol Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

21) Glycogenolysis is ________ and stimulated by ___________ a) Anabolic, Insulin b) Catabolic, Epinephrine c) Catabolic, Insulin d) Anabolic, Epinephrine e) Metathesis, Insulin Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

22) Thyroid hormones: a) Aid in glycogenesis b) Inhibit gluconeogensis c) Inhibit lipogenesis d) Promote glycolysis e) Promote gluconeogenesis Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

23) These transport dietary lipids. a) Apoproteins b) Low density lipoproteins c) Chylomicrons d) Very low density lipoproteins e) High density lipoproteins Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.4 Describe the roles of lipids in metabolism and their transport in the blood. Learning Objective 2: 25.4.1 Describe the lipoproteins that transport lipids in the blood.

Section Reference 1: 25.4 Lipid Metabolism

24) Most cholesterol medications are designed to: a) Inhibit excretion of bile in the feces b) Promote the absorption of cholesterol c) Decrease the filtration of cholesterol d) Inhibit glucose absorption e) None of these choices Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.4 Describe the roles of lipids in metabolism and their transport in the blood. Learning Objective 2: 25.4.1 Describe the lipoproteins that transport lipids in the blood. Section Reference 1: 25.4 Lipid Metabolism

25) Where does glycolysis take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

26) Where does the Krebs cycle take place? a) Cytosol b) Plasma membrane c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria e) Golgi Apparatus Answer: d Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism

27) Lipogenesis occurs when a) More calories are consumed than required for ATP need b) Less calories are consumed than required for ATP need c) More cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need d) Less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need e) Gluconeogenesis fails Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 25.4 Describe the roles of lipids in metabolism and their transport in the blood. Learning Objective 2: 25.4.2 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of lipids. Section Reference 1: 25.4 Lipid Metabolism

28) Excess amino acids in the body are a) Excreted in urine b) Excreted in feces c) Converted into glucose d) Stored as ATP e) Converted into proteins Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.5 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of proteins. Section Reference 1: 25.5 Protein Metabolism

29) Liver cells convert: a) Urea into ammonia b) Ammonia into lactic acid c) Lactic acid into urea d) Pyruvic acid into urea e) Ammonia into urea Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.5 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of proteins. Section Reference 1: 25.5 Protein Metabolism

30) Glucose-6-phosphate a) Can be used to make ribose-5-phosphate b) Can be dephosphorylated to glucose c) Can be used to synthesize glycogen d) Can be converted to pyruvic acid e) All of these choices Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.6 Identify the key molecules in metabolism, and describe the reactions and the products they may form. Section Reference 1: 25.6 Key Molecules at Metabolic Crossroads

31) Which of the following are used in “metabolic crossroads”? a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Ribose d) ATP e) Lipase Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.6 Identify the key molecules in metabolism, and describe the reactions and the products they may form. Section Reference 1: 25.6 Key Molecules at Metabolic Crossroads

32) In the absorptive state a) Storage of energy is important b) Filtration is important c) Reabsorption is important d) Synthesis is important e) Production of heat is important Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

33) In the absorptive state, most glucose that enters the liver is converted to a) Pyruvic acid b) Glycogen c) Amino acids d) Insulin e) Glucase Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

34) Keto acids a) Can enter the Krebs cycle b) Are used for ATP production c) Can be used to make lipids d) Can enter Krebs or be used for ATP production e) Convert into aldehydes in the liver Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

35) Which of the following is NOT a postabsorptive state reaction? a) Breakdown of liver glycogen b) Lipogenesis c) Gluconeogenesis using lactic acid d) Gluconeogenesis using amino acids e) None of these choices Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

36) Cardiac muscles can produce ATP from a) Lactic acid b) Pyruvic acid c) Glucose-6-phosphate d) Proteins e) Lipids Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

37) The most dramatic metabolic change that occurs with fasting is a) Decrease in the formation of ketone bodies b) Increase in ATP production c) Inhibition of insulin d) Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure e) Increase in Lipolysis Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.7 Compare metabolism during the absorptive and postabsorptive states. Section Reference 1: 25.7 Metabolic Adaptations

38) Why is Calorie always spelled with a capital “C”? a) It is named after Dr. Calorie b) It is named for the country where it was discovered c) It is named after the province where it was discovered d) To distinguish it from the chemistry term calory e) None of these choices Answer: e Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.1 Define basal metabolic rate (BMR), and explain several factors that affect it. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

39) Which of the following is a factor that does NOT affect heat production? a) Exercise b) Hormones c) Nervous system d) Ingestion of food e) Blood volume Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

40) This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact. a) Conduction b) Convection c) Radiation d) Evaporation e) Metabolic rate Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

41) The higher the relative humidity a) The higher the rate of radiation

b) The lower the rate of conduction c) The higher the rate of convection d) The lower the rate of thermoregulation e) The lower the rate of evaporation Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

42) The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that a) Decrease smooth muscle tone b) Increase blood glucose c) Stimulates skeletal muscle activity d) Inhibits the sympathetic division e) None of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

43) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the a) Anterior pituitary b) Hypothalamus c) Cerebral cortex d) Liver e) Kidney Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature.

Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

44) Food induced thermogenesis a) Accounts for 30% of total energy expended b) Is known as insensible loss c) Is inhibited by the hypothalamus d) Is the opposite of ketosis e) None of these choices Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

45) Neuropeptide Y stimulates a) Release of insulin b) Inhibition of glucagons c) Thirst centers d) Thermogenesis e) Food intake Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.8 Describe the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body temperature. Learning Objective 2: 25.8.3 Explain how normal body temperature is maintained by negative feedback loops involving the hypothalamic thermostat. Section Reference 1: 25.8 Heat and Energy Balance

46) Which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs? a) Carbohydrates b) Glycogen c) Proteins

d) Minerals e) Vitamins Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.9 Describe the roles of minerals, vitamins and food choices in a healthy diet. Learning Objective 2: 25.9.2 Compare the sources, functions, and importance of minerals and vitamins in metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.9 Nutrition

47) Provitamins are a) Building blocks of vitamins b) Broken down glucose molecules c) Derivatives of minerals d) Found only in the blood e) Not stored in the body Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.9 Describe the roles of minerals, vitamins and food choices in a healthy diet. Learning Objective 2: 25.9.2 Compare the sources, functions, and importance of minerals and vitamins in metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.9 Nutrition

48) Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? a) Vitamin B b) Vitamin E c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin O e) None of these choices Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.9 Describe the roles of minerals, vitamins and food choices in a healthy diet. Learning Objective 2: 25.9.2 Compare the sources, functions, and importance of minerals and vitamins in metabolism.

Section Reference 1: 25.9 Nutrition

49) Antioxidant vitamins a) Are found in plasma membranes b) Are vitamin derivatives c) Can inactivate oxygen free radicals d) Are all excreted in feces e) Are all stored in adipose cells Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.9 Describe the roles of minerals, vitamins and food choices in a healthy diet. Learning Objective 2: 25.9.2 Compare the sources, functions, and importance of minerals and vitamins in metabolism. Section Reference 1: 25.9 Nutrition

Question type: Essay

50) Briefly outline the possible fates of glucose in the body. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 25.3 Describe the fate, metabolism, and functions of carbohydrates. Section Reference 1: 25.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism Solution: 1) immediate oxidation for ATP production 2) synthesis of amino acids for protein synthesis 3) synthesis of glycogen for storage in liver and skeletal muscle 4) formation of triglycerides via lipogenesis for long term storage after glycogen stores are full 5) excretion in urine if blood glucose is very high

51) What are the possible fates of pyruvic acid in the body? What is the primary ...