Ch39 Test File-Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges PDF

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All questions and answers that will be used on second exam. Answers all questions that will be on exam. ...

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Test File Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges TEST FILE QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. A plant’s first line of defense is its a. outer surface. b. root system. c. apical meristem. d. lenticels. e. vascular system. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 815 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 2. In defense against tissue damage caused by pathogens, a. animals repair damaged tissues and plants seal off damaged tissues. b. animals seal off damaged tissues and plants repair damaged tissues. c. both plants and animals sometimes seal off and sometimes repair damaged tissues. d. both plants and animals repair damaged tissues. e. both plants and animals seal off damaged tissues. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 816 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 3. Polysaccharides serve to a. store water in plants. b. defend against pathogens. c. repel predators because they are toxic to animals. d. act as salt glands. e. strengthen cell walls to form a barrier against invasion of a pathogen. An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 816–817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 4. Pathogens employ _______ genes that code for molecules called elicitors. a. phytoalexin b. hypersensitive-response

c. extensin d. lignin e. avirulence An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 5. Plants employ _______ genes that code for molecules called receptors. a. resistance b. pathogen c. bacterial d. signal transduction e. None of the above An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 6. The ability of plants to employ resistance genes to counter pathogen avirulence genes is called a. physical isolation. b. a receptor mechanism. c. gene-for-gene resistance. d. a pathogen response. e. signaling. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 7. In order for an R gene to confer resistance, an invader must have a corresponding a. R gene. b. tRNA. c. virus. d. Avr gene. e. bacterium. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 8. In the gene-for-gene resistance mechanism, if a plant has a resistance gene and a pathogen has the matching avirulence gene, a. the pathogen’s gene overrides the plant’s gene and infects the plant.

b. the plant will become susceptible to the pathogen. c. the plant is resistant to the pathogen. d. the plant is resistant to all pathogens, whether or not they have the avirulence gene. e. None of the above An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :3. Applying 9. Phytoalexin production is an example of a. a constitutive plant defense. b. an environmental challenge. c. an induced plant defense. d. a mechanical defense. e. a constitutive and induced plant defense. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 10. Phytoalexins a. are always present in plants. b. occur in uniform concentration throughout a plant. c. are toxic to many fungi and bacteria. d. have no effect on viral infections. e. None of the above An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 11. The proteins that enhance a plant’s response to attack are called a. pathogenesis-related proteins. b. expansins. c. antibiotics. d. phytoalexins. e. local defenders. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817–818 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 12. Which of the following is not a hypersensitive reaction of a plant to infection? a. Production of phytoalexins by cells around the infection b. Death of cells near the infection

c. Death of infected cells d. Synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins e. Transport of phytoalexins to all parts of the plant An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817–818 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 13. Salicylic acid in plants does not a. increase resistance to pathogens. b. trigger the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. c. cause herbivorous insects to produce defective proteins. d. protect against tobacco mosaic virus. e. play a role in the defensive response. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 817–820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 14. Plants can be treated with _______ to stimulate the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. a. salicylic acid b. PR inducer c. phytoalexin d. cellulose e. willowgen An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 818 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 15. According to some data, a unique feature of oil of wintergreen is that it can stimulate production of PR protein in a. leaves. b. roots. c. flowering regions. d. a plant harboring an infection. e. plants neighboring the infected plant that produced it. An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 818 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 16. An RNA virus attack on a plant triggers the production of interference RNA (RNAi), which is derived from the RNA of the _______ and causes the plant to _______.

a. virus; die from a viral infection b. plant; become immune to the virus c. plant; form mechanical barriers d. virus; become immune to the virus e. virus; form mechanical barriers An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.1 How Do Plants Deal with Pathogens? Page: 818 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 17. Typically, when some leaves are removed from a plant, a. less light is available to the remaining leaves. b. less nitrogen is obtained from the soil. c. the plant dies. d. the rate of photosynthesis in the remaining leaves increases. e. the transport of sugar from the remaining leaves decreases. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 18. Grazing can increase photosynthetic production by a. causing increased branching. b. removing old or dead leaves. c. providing increased root nutrients to the remaining leaves. d. All of the above e. None of the above An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 19. Grazing increases photosynthetic rates in certain plant species because a. it allows more light to reach younger, more active leaves. b. older leaves transport sugars more slowly to the roots. c. it allows the roots to take up more nitrogen. d. older, dying leaves are sugar sinks. e. it reduces competition for atmospheric carbon dioxide. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 20. The ability of grasses to grow from the base of the shoot and leaf is an adaptation to a. dry environments.

b. soil fungi. c. heavy metals. d. grazing. e. saline environments. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 21. Grazed plants may exhibit increased productivity because of a. increased photosynthetic rates. b. growth of more stems. c. greater fruit production. d. All of the above e. None of the above An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 22. One way that grazing increases the productivity of a plant is by a. supporting food chains in nature. b. reducing the rate of photosynthesis in remaining leaves. c. increasing the number of sinks for absorbed nitrogen. d. shading younger leaves. e. causing the production of more replacement stems. An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 819 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 23. Which of the following are “secondary products”? a. Proteins b. Lipids c. Alkaloids d. Carbohydrates e. Nucleic acids An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 24. Steroids produced by plants may a. attract pollinators and animals that disperse seeds. b. affect the nervous systems of animals.

c. inhibit fungal action. d. prevent normal development in insects. e. impair growth of competing plants. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 25. The nicotine in tobacco is an example of a plant a. alkaloid. b. flavonoid. c. glycoside. d. steroid. e. tannin. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 26. Defensive secondary metabolites can affect insect a. nervous systems. b. digestive systems. c. life cycles. d. protein synthesis. e. All of the above An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 27. Secondary metabolites a. are essential for basic biological reactions. b. are similar in all plants. c. occur more often in animals than in plants. d. may attract or inhibit other organisms. e. are usually of high molecular weight. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 820 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 28. Some plants produce the amino acid canavanine, which is toxic to many insects because it a. inhibits respiration. b. causes defects in protein structure and function.

c. interferes with protein digestion in the gut. d. burns tissues due to its high acidity. e. inhibits the synthesis of reproductive hormones. An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 821 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 29. The fatty acid derivative jasmonate is a a. nucleic acid. b. steroid. c. hormone. d. protease. e. polypeptide. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 30. Defensive, water-soluble secondary compounds formed by plants are usually stored in the a. vacuoles. b. nuclei. c. cell walls. d. cytoplasm. e. membrane proteins. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 31. Non-water-soluble (hydrophobic) poisons are stored in a plant’s a. chloroplasts. b. laticifers or epidermal waxes. c. Golgi bodies. d. mitochondria. e. vacuoles. An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822–823 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 32. Which evidence best supports the hypothesis that the presence of toxic latex in leaves deters insects from feeding on a plant? a. Many insects do not feed on latex-producing plants.

b. Latex-producing plants release a milky latex when their leaves are damaged. c. Beetles that drain latex out of part of a leaf can then feed on that part. d. Beetles that cut veins in the leaves can then feed on the released latex. e. Latex-producing plants have high survival rates. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822–823 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :3. Applying 33. Laticifers are a. specialized cells for containing sodium ions. b. latex-containing tubes for storing hydrophobic products. c. waxy cells in the epidermis. d. cells that produce poisons such as alkaloids. e. cells in roots that take up water in dry environments. An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822–823 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 34. Which of the following is not a method by which plants protect themselves from toxins they produce? a. By compartmentalizing them b. By building up a tolerance to them c. By adjusting the timing of toxin production d. By storing them in waxes e. By storing them in vacuoles An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 822–823 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 35. Plants can produce the respiratory poison cyanide without poisoning themselves because plants a. do not respire. b. store a cyanide precursor in one compartment and activating enzymes in another. c. store water-soluble cyanide in laticifers. d. possess enzymes that are unaffected by cyanide. e. also produce proteins that bind and inhibit cyanide. An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.2 How Do Plants Deal with Herbivores? Page: 823 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding

36. Which of the following is the typical environment for an annual plant with a brief growing period and seeds capable of long dormant periods? a. Desert b. Salt marsh c. Freshwater marsh d. Environment contaminated with heavy metals e. Grazed field An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 823–824 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 37. Which of the following is not a special adaptation of leaves to dry environments? a. Modification into spines b. Stomata in sunken cavities c. Dense epidermal hairs d. Fleshy leaves e. Salt glands An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 824 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 38. Which of the following is not an adaptation to a dry environment? a. A deep taproot b. Airborne roots c. Higher accumulation of the amino acid proline d. Fleshy leaves e. Shallow but extensive root system An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 39. Swamp plants typically have root systems that a. grow quickly. b. penetrate deeply into the soil. c. can carry out alcoholic fermentation. d. alternate periods of growth with periods of dieback. e. accumulate the amino acid proline. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding

40. By accumulating the amino acid proline, plants a. become toxic to most herbivores. b. can carry out alcoholic fermentation. c. can extract more water from the soil. d. can avoid toxic effects from sodium. e. attract animals that disperse seeds. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 41. Plants that concentrate the harmless amino acid proline in their cells have a. an increased negative water potential. b. an increased rate of transpiration. c. an increased resistance to grazing. d. decreased salt loss. e. decreased water uptake. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 42. In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce, plants respond by a. rapidly growing roots that penetrate deeply into the soil. b. reverting to alcoholic fermentation. c. inhibiting the production of ATP. d. producing oxygen from water. e. All of the above An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 43. Many halophytes accumulate the amino acid a. proline. b. arginine. c. glycine. d. methionine. e. chlorine. An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 44. The pneumatophores of swamp plants are modified

a. flowers. b. leaves. c. roots. d. spines. e. stems. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825–826 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 45. The presence of pneumatophores in plants is an adaptation for success in a _______ habitat. a. desert b. mountain c. grassland d. seashore e. swamp An s we r :e T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 825–826 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 46. Leaf parenchyma tissue with large spaces between cells _______ in _______. a. provide buoyancy; aquatic plants b. decrease transpiration; aquatic plants c. store water; desert plants d. form succulent leaves; desert plants e. excrete salt; halophytes An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 826 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 47. High temperatures trigger heat shock proteins such as a. nucleases. b. kinases. c. chaperonins. d. antifreeze proteins. e. proline. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.3 How Do Plants Deal with Climatic Extremes? Page: 827 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering

48. If a nonhalophyte and a halophyte are both placed in a salty environment, the _______ will accumulate more sodium internally, because _______. a. halophyte; halophytes are adapted to saline environments b. halophyte; it requires sodium as a nutrient c. halophyte; as a succulent, it has more internal storage d. nonhalophyte; it cannot excrete sodium after absorption e. nonhalophyte; it requires sodium to create a negative water potential An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 49. Some halophytic plants have salt glands that a. accumulate salt in their roots. b. serve as barriers to salt intake. c. maintain high salt concentrations in the plant. d. secrete salt onto the leaf surface. e. increase water loss from the plant. An s we r :d T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :1. Remembering 50. Which combination of adaptations is often observed in plants found in saline environments? a. Salt glands and succulence b. Salt glands and broad leaves c. Spines and thin cuticles d. Dense stomata and thick cuticles e. Narrow leaves and dense stomata An s we r :a T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 51. Which of the following is not an adaptation to a saline environment? a. Accumulation and transport of sodium ions b. Sequestering of sodium ions in roots c. Salt glands in leaves d. Fleshy, gummy leaves e. Small leaves with small cells An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :4. Analyzing

52. The reason that certain plants can grow in soils contaminated with high levels of heavy metals is that they a. do not take up the heavy metals. b. excrete the heavy metals. c. have a genetic tolerance to the heavy metals. d. use the heavy metals for normal biochemical functions. e. are toxic to herbivores due to the heavy metals. An s we r :c T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :2. Understanding 53. Which of the following statements about plants and heavy metals is false? a. Plants take up heavy metals. b. Different populations of plants have the same capacity to tolerate heavy metals. c. Tolerant populations of plants can evolve rapidly. d. A plant’s tolerance is determined by its genotype. e. Plants in areas with heavy metals usually experience little competition. An s we r :b T e x t b oo kRe f e r e n c e :39.4 How Do Plants Deal with Salt and Heavy Metals? Page: 828 Bl o o m’ sCa t e g or y :3. Applying 54. Which of the following elements is not a...