Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development PDF

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Cassandra Richards...

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Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development Paul Baltes (1939 - 2006) ● ● ● ●

One of the pioneers in life-span development Wisdom Plasticity of cognitive development Successful aging (S.O.C)

Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality ●

Fluid-Crystallized Intelligence ○ Crystallized: c oncrete knowledge that increases then plateaus ■ Language ■ Practical knowledge ○ Fluid: m  emory and problem-solving

Gain/Loss ●

Selective optimization with compensation (S.O.C) ○ Selection: i ndividuals restrict life work to fewer domains ○ Optimization: e  ngage in activities that maintain mental reserves and increase domain-specific knowledge ○ Compensation: u  ses of new strategies to adapt to task when ability is subpar

Plasticity ●

Testing-the-limits ○ Baseline performance:  i nitial level of performance ○ Baseline reserve capacity:  u  pper range of a person’s performance potential when all resources are available ○ Developmental reserve capacity:  i ntervention to strengthen baseline reserve capacity

Historical Embeddedness and Contextualism ● ● ●

Normative age-graded influences:  c onnected to chronological age Normative history-graded influences:  a  ssociated with a given time period Non-normative influences:  u  npredictable, random or rare events

Population Growth and Change ●

We currently have ~7 billion people (exponential growth over the last 400-500 years) ○ Expected to be at 10 billion by 2090 and then stabilize ○ Developed countries (make up...