Chapter 1 A - Tourism and Hospitality Planning and development PDF

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Tourism and Hospitality Planning and development...

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One: Basic Concepts in Tourism Planning and Development Planning is one of the most fundamental skill that you will need as a future tourism professional, this is because every company that you want to work with makes plans at every level of their organization that includes the company that you might want to establish on your own. General Concepts of Planning Planning, in its broadest definition is organizing the future certain objective. Planning is carried out at all levels from planning their everyday activities and personal lives to comprehensive national and regional planning undertaken governments.

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Tourism Policy is a defined set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directive, and development or promotion objectives and strategies that provide framework within which the collective, as well as individual decision directly affecting long-term tourism development and daily activities within a destination are taken. Tourism policy is one of the primary bases of tourism planning, along with national, local development plans, land use plans, natural and cultural assets of the place, environmental policy, cultural policy, foreign policy and expressed national or local needs. The output of the tourism planning process is the tourism plan. Tourism planning is the process of (1) gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize the current tourism development issues, (2) imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination, and (3) choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them. In technical terms, this process involves: 1. Situational analysis 2. Vision, Goals, Mission, and Objectives a. Vision is the desires future state of the destination b. Goals are broad-based targets for tourism c. Objectives are targets that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. d. Strategies are the method which objectives will be achieved. Levels of Tourism Planning There are various levels to tourism planning, these are: 1. International Planning is concerned mostly with international transportation services, the flow and tour programming of tourists among different countries, complementary development of major attraction features and facilities in nearby countries, and multi-country marketing,

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and cooperative activities generally take place at the international level through international organizations. National Planning is focused on several elements like tourism policy, a physical structure plan, other major infrastructure, major tour routes in the country and their regional connections, tourism organizational structures, legislation and investment policies, tourism marketing strategies and promotional programs, education and training programs, facility development and design standards, sociocultural environmental, and economic considerations and impact analysis, and, national implementation techniques. Regional level of tourism planning is for one region of a country, often a state of province, or perhaps an island group, and formulated within the framework of the national tourism policy and plan. Provincial Planning is a more specific planning than the regional level but not as detailed as city or municipal planning or site level planning. City/Municipality Planning Site-Level Tourism Planning is a very specific planning for individual buildings or complexes of buildings such as hotels, commercial centers, and visitor facilities.

Other Dimensions of Tourism Planning Time Frame All plans are future-oriented and these plans may be short-, medium, or long-term. Short-term usually means two years or less in the future, medium-term is two to five years, and long –term as five years and up. Scope A tourism plan may be comprehensive in scope, or focused on one or just few aspects of tourism planning. A comprehensive tourism plan is also known as Master Plan. A master plan is actually composed of smaller plans. A tourism plan may also concentrate on just one or two specific components. Spatial Units The space covered in tourism planning is called a tourism development unit. These are the following spatial concepts.  Tourist site is an area that contain one or more tourist attractions. A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure, adventure and amusement.  Tourism Development Area is an area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist site. A town or city that has one or more tourist sites or more than one town or city can be considered as TDA.  Tourism cluster is composed of two or more TDA.

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Tourism Circuit is defined as route involving at least three major tourist destinations which are located in different town, villages or cities and the destinations share common characteristics or themes. Tourism corridor refers to a route defined by a theme spanning several countries or even continents.

Tourism Characteristics and their Planning Implications  Tourism is a composite product and comprised of goods and services that are provided by entities in the tourism value chain. Thus, one of the rationales for tourism planning is to identify, organize, and integrate entities along the tourism value chain to ensure the delivery of consistency and high quality tourist experiences.  Tourist destinations are intangible and as a tourism planner, you should incorporate strategies for managing expectations and maximizing visitor satisfaction.  Tourism destinations have long gestation periods. The tourism plan must cover long-term horizon, and tourism entities should give it their enduring commitment.  Tourism is very capital intensive. Your plan must be able to present realistic estimates of the financial requirements. Feasibility studies can help potential investors to firm up their decisions whether to venture or not.  Nature and culture are tourism’s main assets. While it is true that they are free, they are also finite.  Tourism is subject to external forces that are largely uncontrollable.  Tourism exerts impacts on the environment, culture, and economy of destinations. Planners must help avoid undesirable changes by drawing up precautionary measures at the earliest stage of tourism development.  Tourism is a highly dynamic and competitive industry. Planners must devise competitive strategies and collaboration strategies at the same time.  Planners should not devise stakeholders such as the local community, tourism association, donor agencies, government offices, indigenous people and already existing tourism business. Benefits of Tourism Planning  Planning forces us to focus on the task at hand and to think critically.  Planning prevents waste of time, money, and effort.  Planning helps avoid mistakes that can lead to irreparable change to destinations.  Participatory tourism planning also contributes to the development of social capital by building trust and support among the carious stakeholders in a destination.

Factors to Consider for Effective Tourism Planning and Development There are number of factors that need to be considered for effective tourism planning and product development:  availability and quality of tourism-related data  caliber of planning expertise  type and variety of tourism resources  kind of tourism resources in adjacent destinations o Originality refers being first to have a particular attraction o Indigenousness is having something that can only be found in your destination o Authenticity refers to being true to traditions and methods of preparation, not contrived o Uniqueness means that it is not found anywhere else o Historicity is being significant for a particular event o Magnitude refers to the superlatively of the destination o Excellence is having the best quality  culture of the destination residents  geographic location and spatial distributions of the TDU  target markets  stages in the tourism area life cycle o exploration o involvement o development o consolidation o stagnation o decline or rejuvenation  tourism development paradigm  national tourism policy and legislation  stakeholder’s perceptions and attitudes  awareness of external forces  financial capital requirement...