Chapter 1- Current Issues in Maternal-Newborn Nursing Textbook Notes PDF

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NUR 3303 Chapter 1: Current Issues in Maternal-Newborn Nursing Textbook Notes Sept 11 Contemporary Childbirth: ● Family-Centered Care: characterized by an emphasis on the family and family involvement throughout the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, is accepted and encouraged. ● In addition to the emphasis on the family, contemporary childbirth is also characterized by an increasing number of choices about many aspects of the childbirth, such as: ○ Place of birth (Hospital, free-standing birthing center, or home birth) ○ Primary caregiver (Physician, Certified Nurse-midwife, or certified midwife) ○ Use of a doula ○ Birth-related experiences (Methods of childbirth preparation, use of analgesia and anesthesia and position for labor and birth) ● Interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices is growing nationwide and is having an impact on the care of childbearing families. In response to this trend, the NIH has established the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). ○ It is important for nurses to communicate a willingness to work with women and their families to recognize and respect these alternative approaches. The Self-Care Movement and Health Promotion Education: ● The self-care movement began to emerge in the late 1960’s as consumers sought to understand technology and take an interest in their own health and basic self-care skills. More and more people have begun to exercise, control their diet, and monitor their psychologic and physiologic status. ● Healthcare providers can help foster self-care by focusing on health promotion education during every patient encounter. ○ This may be as simple as discussing actions that foster a healthy lifestyle, or more involved for a person with a chronic health condition. The Healthcare Environment: ● Changes in the healthcare environment are influencing women’s health and maternalnewborn nursing. Several factors contribute to this, including the following ○ Demographic changes, recognition of the need to improve access to care, implementation of the affordable care act, public demand for more effective healthcare options, new research findings, and women’s preferences for health care. ● HIPAA: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 has two areas of focus ○ 1. Protects the health insurance coverage of employees and their family if they lose a job or change jobs

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2. Addresses the privacy and security of healthcare information and requires that national standards be established for the electronic transmission of healthcare data. Culturally Competent Care: ● Specific elements that contribute to a family’s value system include the following ○ Religion and social beliefs, presence and influence of the extended family, communication patterns, beliefs and understanding about the concepts of health and illness, permissible physical contact with strangers and education. ● Specific differences in beliefs between families and healthcare providers are common in the following areas: ○ Help-seeking behaviors, Pregnancy and childbirth practices, causes of disease and illness, death and dying, caretaking and caregiving, and childrearing practices. ● Nurses need to be able to recognize, respect, and respond to ethnic diversity in a way that leads to an outcome that is satisfactory to both the patient and the healthcare provider. ● When the family’s cultural values are incorporated into the care plan, the family is more likely to accept and comply with the needed care, especially in the home care setting. Legal and Ethical Considerations: ● Scope of Practice: State NPA’s protect the public by broadly defining the legal scope of practice within which every nurse must function and by excluding untrained or unlicensed individuals from practicing nursing. ○ It is important to note that hospital or agency policies may restrict the scope of practice specified in a state NPA, but such policy cannot expand the scope of practice beyond limits stated in the practice act. ● Standards of Nursing Care: Establish minimum criteria for competent, proficient delivery of nursing care. Such standards are designed to protect the public and are used to judge the quality of care provided. ● Patients rights: Encompass such topics as informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality. ○ Informed consent: is a legal concept designed to allow patients to make intelligent decisions regarding their own health care. Informed consent means that a patient has granted permission for a specific treatment or procedure based on full information about that specific treatment or procedure as it relates to that patient under the specific circumstances of that patient. ■ Several elements must be addressed to ensure a patient has given informed consent. ● Information must be clearly presented in a manner understandable to the patient and must include risks and benefits, the probability of success, and significant treatment alternatives. The patient also needs to be told the consequences of receiving no treatment or procedure. Finally the patient must be told of the right to refuse a specific treatment or procedure. Each patient should be told that refusing the specific treatment does not result in the withdrawal of all support or care.

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Right to Privacy: Is the right of a person to keep his or her person and property free from public scrutiny. Maternity nurses need to remember that this includes avoiding unnecessary exposure of the childbearing woman’s body. ■ In the context of healthcare, the right of privacy dictates that only those responsible for a person’s care should examine the person or discuss his or her case. ○ Confidentiality: Privileged communications between physician and patient. Special Ethical Situations in Maternity Care: ● Maternal-Fetal Conflict: Until fairly recently the mother and fetus were viewed as a single complex patient, now due to advances in technology and being able to treat the fetus separate from the mother it is being viewed as a patient on its own. ● Abortion ● Fetal Research:...