Chapter 1 Notes PDF

Preview

Summary

Some of the basics over chapter 1 of surgical pharmacology ...

Description

Medical Terminology Chapter 1  Medical language is made up of word taken from two ancient languages: Greek and Latin  Eponyms o Epi (upon) + onyma (name) o To put your name on something  Acronyms o Acro (High, end) +onyma (name) o To make a name with the ends o Word made up with the first letters of each of the words that make up a phrase o Example MRI  3 reasons as to why Greek and Latin are so prevalent 1. The foundations of Western medicine were in ancient Greece and Rome o o o

First people to study the human body and develop theories about health and disease were ancient Greeks Hippocrates is widely considered to be the father of western medicine Some of the oldest terms have been in use for more than 2,000 years

2. Latin was the global language of the specific revolution 3. Dead languages don’t change    

The last syllable is called the ultima, which means “last” Second-to-last syllable is called the “penult” which means almost Third to last syllable is called the “antepenult” which means before When deciding how to pronounce a word, the emphasis usually falls on the antepenult

Letter

Sound

Example

C (before a, o, u)

k

C (before e, i, y)

S

Ch

K

G (before a, o, u)

G

G (before e, i, y)

J

Ph Pn

F N

Cardiac (KAR-dee-ak) Contra (KON-trah) Cut (KUT) Cephalic (she-FAL-ik) Cilium (SIL-ee-um) Cyst (SIST) Chiropractor (KAI-roh-PRAKtor) Gamma (GAM-ah) Goiter (GOI-ter) Gutta (GUT-tah) Genetic (jeh-NEH-tik) Giant (JAI-int) Biology (bai-AW-loh-jee) Pharmacy (FAR-mah-see) Pneumonia (noo-MOHN-yah)

Pt (initial) Rh, rrh

T R

Pterygium (tir-IH-jee-um Rhinoplasty (RAI-noh-PLAStee) Hemorrhage (HEM-moh-rij) (ZER-oh DER-mah)

X (initial) Z  Language of medicine is made up of three main building blocks o Roots o Suffixes o Prefixes  Medical language is constructed by combining a root with a suffice and often a prefix  Root- foundation or subject of the term  Suffix- ending that gives essential meaning to the term  Prefix- added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root

Root Arthr/o Ar-throh Cardi/o KAR-dee-oh Enter/o EN-ter-oh Gastr/o GAS-tro Hepat/o He-PAH-toh Neur/o NUR-oh

Definition Joint

Examples Arthroscope Arthritis Cardiology Pericardium Enteropathy Dysentery Gastrointestinal Gastris Hepatology Hepatitis Neurology Neuralgia

Heart Small intestine Stomach Liver Nerve

Hem/o HEE-moh Hemat/o Heh-MAH-toh

Blood

My/o MAI-oh Muscul/o MUS-kyoo-loh

Muscle

Hemorrhage hematoma

Myocardial Myalgia Musculoskeletal muscular

Root Angi/o AN-gee-oh Vas/o VAS-oh Vascul/o VAS-kyoo-loh Derm/o DER-moh Dermat/o Der-MAT-oh

Definiton Vessel (most commonly refers to blood vessel, but can also refer to other types of vessels as well)

Skin

Cutane/o Kyoo-TAY-nee-oh Pneum/o NOO-moh Pneumon/o Noo-MAW-noh Pulmon/o PUL-maw-noh

Subcutaneous Lung

Pneumotomy Pneumonia Pneumonitis Pulmonologist Cardiopulmonary

Root Gen/o JIN-oh Hydr/o HAI-droh Morph/o MOR-foh Myc/o MAI-koh

Examples Angioplasty Angiectomy Vasospasm Vasectomy Vasculopathy Vasculitis Dermoscopy Dermis Dermatology Dermatitis

Definition

Examples

Creation, cause

Pathogenic

Water Change

Hydrophobia Dehydration Morphology

Fungus

Dermatomycosis

Necr/o NEK-roh Orth/o OR-thoh Path/o PAH-thoh Phag/o FAY-goh Plas/o PLAS-oh Py/o PAI-oh Scler/o SKLEH-roh Sten/o STIH-noh Troph/o TROH-foh Xen/o ZEE-noh

Death

Necrosis

Straight

Orthodontist

Suffering, disease

Pathology

Eat

Aphagia

Formation

Hyperplasia

Pus Hard

Pyorrhea Pyemia Scleroderma

Narrowing

Stenosis

Nourishment Development Foreign

Trougology Hypertrophy Xenograft

 Suffixes that mean ‘Pertaining to” o Ac example: cardiac o Al example: skeletal o Ar example: muscular o Ary example: pulmonary o Eal example: esophageal o Ic example: medic o Tic example: neurotic o Ous example: subcutaneous  Suffixes that means “condition” o ia example pneumonia o ism example: autism  suffix that means “tissue, structure” o ium example: pericardium  suffix that means “condition, procedure” o y example: hypertrophy ...