Chapter 10 Study Guide PDF

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Study Guides for Evolution 4500...

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BIOL 4500-001 Chapter 10 Study Guide You should be able to fully and consistently do the following from Chapter 10, the lecture videos and slides, and your reading/writing assignments, including the ability to fully define and apply a working understanding of the boldfaced terms:   

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Define complex adaptations and provide some examples. Explain what a regulatory network is and how variations in the genes whose products control regulatory networks influence variation that can be subject to natural selection. Explain how variations in the genes that encode promiscuous proteins may be co-opted to alter the function of such proteins, and provide some examples (such as snake venom or the genes that encode hemoglobin subunits). Explain how epigenetic varitation can result in rapid changes in phenotype through natural selection and provide an example (see the lecture slides and video; this topic is not in your textbook). Describe how duplication followed by divergence is a common mechanism in the evolutionary history of genomes, and how it provides an advantage when coupled with natural selection. Describe the beta-globin gene cluster in humans, and its evolution through duplication followed by divergence (see the lecture slides and lecture video for this example), and how regulation of the genes that encode embryonic, fetal, and adult beta-globin has evolved to facilitate mother-to-fetus oxygen transfer. Explain how duplication pseudogenes are a common by-product of duplication followed by divergence and describe one or more examples (such as the psi-beta-pseudogene in the beta-globin gene cluster of primates, see the lecture slides for a depiction of the human beta-globin gene cluster). Describe the evidence from comparative morphology and analysis of opsins and G-protein-coupled receptors that revealed how eyes evolved in different animal clades. In particular, compare the vertebrate eye to the octopus eye and explain the principal difference in their evolution. Describe how constraints on evolution operate to limit the extent to which certain traits may evolve, and provide some examples (such as insect size and mammalian neck anatomy). Explain how the vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve provide evidence of the evolutionary history of these nerves and blood vessels in vertebrates. Define convergent evolution and provide examples of it between placental and marsupial mammals. Define deep homology and explain what it means.

From your textbook, answer the following end-of-chapter questions (pages 340–341): Multiple-choice: question 10 Short-answer questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. You can check your answers against those given by the textbook authors on page 678 and 679....