STS - Study Guide 10 PDF

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THE INFORMATION AGEMODULE OVERVIEWThe Information Age is now upon us. The pace at which technology is evolving is ever increasing – and people are eager to embrace it. Through the use of computers, cell phones, pagers, calculators, video game consoles and many other technologically advanced products...

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020 Study Guide in GE 6: Science, Technology, and Society

Module No. 10

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 10

THE INFORMATION AGE MODULE OVERVIEW The Information Age is now upon us. The pace at which technology is evolving is ever increasing – and people are eager to embrace it. Through the use of computers, cell phones, pagers, calculators, video game consoles and many other technologically advanced products, communication has changed dramatically. The information age is changing peoples every day activities and making tedious tasks run more efficiently. Personal use and business-related use of computers and technology are constantly increasing. Although there are many positive aspects of the Information Age, there are also many negatives, such as how the Internet is unregulated. Also, there's a very large legal issue over privacy, as well as many ethical issues computer-users face daily. Many believe that this era, as developed as it currently is, will continue to progress and evolve over the years to come. MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this Module, you should be able to: 1. Link learned concepts to the development of the information age and its impact on society 2. Illustrate how the social media and the information age have impacted our lives DEFINITION OF INFORMATION AGE Information age is the modern time in which information has become a commodity that is transmitted freely, easily and quickly by using personal computer networks. This period is also called the Computer Age, the Digital Age and the New Media Age. It is the period that started in the last quarter of the 20th century. According to James R. Messenger who proposed the theory of Information age in 1982, “the Information age is true age based upon the interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real time and as needed basis. HISTORY OF INFORMATION AGE As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also progressed in many ways. The table below traces the history and emergence of the Information Age (United States American History, n.d) Table 1: Timeline of the Information Age Year 3000 BC 2900 BC 1300 BC 500 BC 220 BC 100 AD 105 AD 1455 1755 1802 1824 1830’s

Event Sumerian writing system used pictographs to represent words Beginning of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used Papyrus roll was used Chinese small seal writing was developed Book (parchment codex) Woodblock printing and paper was invented by the Chinese Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press using movable metal type Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary standardized English spelling The Library of Congress was established Invention of the carbo arc lamp Research on persistence of vision published First viable design for a digital computer Augusta Lady Byron writes the world’s first computer program

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020 Study Guide in GE 6: Science, Technology, and Society

1837 1861 1876 1877 1899 1902 1906 1923 1926 1939 1940s 1945 1946 1948 1957 1958 1960s 1969 1971 1972 1974 1975 1977 1984 Mid 1980s 1987 1991 January 1997

Module No. 10

Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain and the United States Motion pictures were projected onto a screen Dewey Decimal system was introduced Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated high-speed photography First magnetic recording were released Motion picture special effects were used Lee DeForest invented the electronic amplifying tube (triode) Television camera tube was invented by Zvorkyn First practical sound movie Regularly scheduled television broadcasting began in the US Beginning of information science as a discipline Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of hypertext ENIAC computer was developed Birth of field-of-information theory proposed by Claude E. Shannon Planar transistor was developed by Jean Hoerni First integrated circuit Library Congress developed LC MARC (machine readable code) UNIX operating system was developed, which could handle multitasking Intel introduced the first microprocessor chip Optical laserdisc was developed by Philips and MCA MCA and Philips agreed on a standard videodisc encoding format Altair Microcomputer Kit was released: First personal computer for the public Radioshack introduced the first complete personal computer Apple Macintosh computer was introduced Artificial Intelligence was separated from information science Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson recipe box methaphor Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD ROM was released RSA (encryption and network security software) Internet security code cracked for a 48-bit number

A major defining event during the early Information Age is the invention of the Internet. Originating from communication networks used by military and academic circles such as the ARPANET, this network was expanded to worldwide coverage over the following years, culminating in the creation of the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, in 1990. The Internet soon become a revolutionary bridge that connects the entire world together, as companies begun to utilize the Internet to improve their commercial efficiency, and people sharing their thoughts through mediums such as electronic mails (e-mails), digital forums and social networks, which gives the era its name due to the massive, ever-growing volume of information distributed digitally around the world. The internet itself considered to be the decisive technology of the information Age (Castells, 2014). THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SOCIETY The impacts of the INFORMATION AGE can be felt in virtually every area of people’s lives. These changes have the potential to increasingly influence how people communicate, live, work or even spend time for leisure now and even in the future. As world population grows, so does the number of Internet users across the globe. Thanks to the internet, each person with marginal views can see that he’s not alone. And when these people find one another via social media, they can do things — create memes, publications and entire online worlds that bolster their worldview, and then break into the mainstream. Without social media, social, ethical, environmental and political ills would have minimal visibility. Increased visibility of issues has shifted the balance of power from the hands of a few to the masses. While social media activism brings an increased awareness about societal issues, questions remain as to whether this awareness is translating into real change. The Challenges of Social Media Social media has been blamed for promoting social ills such as: Cyberbullying: PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

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Teenagers have a need to fit in, to be popular and to outdo others. This process was challenging long before the advent of social media. Add Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram into the mix and you suddenly have teenagers being subjected feeling pressure to grow up too fast in an online world. Michael Hamm, a researcher from the University of Alberta conducted a study that showed the effects of social media on bullying. 23% of teens report being targeted and 15 percent said they’d bullied someone on social media. Teenagers can misuse social media platforms to spread rumors, share videos aimed at destroying reputations and to blackmail others. Lack of Privacy: Stalking, identity theft, personal attacks, and misuse of information are some of the threats faced by the users of social media. Most of the time, the users themselves are to blame as they end up sharing content that should not be in the public eye. The confusion arises from a lack of understanding of how the private and public elements of an online profile actually work. Unfortunately, by the time private content is deleted, it’s usually too late and can cause problems in people’s personal and professional lives. Fake News It is popular wisdom that people today suffer information overload. A lot of information available on the internet that spreading fake news. People spend more and more of time absorbing information without validating if it is reliable or not. DATA PRIVACY ACT Information and communications technology play a vital role in nation-building and development of the country. In the information age, he who holds information holds power. From macro-economic perspective, the free flow of information is concededly vital to the growth of any nation, and key to the success of any business. With the power that follows information. Hence, it is in the interest of the State to govern the parameters by which such power will be held, while at the same time ensuring the free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. From the perspective of citizens and individuals, the State also protects their fundamental human rights to privacy of communication. And with the exponentially increasing availability of ways and means to access personal data and information, it becomes the duty of the State to guard against transgressions of the individual’s rights. Filipinos spend an average of 10 hours and 2 minutes each day online, the highest in the world, according to recent data. The Philippines also tops social media use for the fourth straight year. Vast amounts of personal information from the Philippines, including photos of daily activities, are freely circulating the Web. What has the country done to ensure privacy and data protection? In 2012, the Philippines passed Republic Act No. 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA) “to protect the fundamental human right to privacy of communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth [and] the [State’s] inherent obligation to ensure that personal information in information and communications systems in government and in the private sector are secured and protected”. The DPA and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) apply to all acts done or practices engaged in and outside of the Philippines if:  If the person, either an individual or an institution, involved in the processing of personal data is located in the Philippines;  The act or practice involves personal data of a Philippine citizen or Philippine resident;  The processing of personal data is done in the Philippines; or  The act, practice or processing of personal data is done by an entity with links to the Philippines, subject to international law and comity. “Personal data” refers to all types of personal information.

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“Processing” is any operation/s performed upon personal data. These operations include, but are not limited to the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification, retrieval, consultation, use, consolidation, blocking, erasure, or destruction of data. While technology has certainly lifted many humans out of poverty and enriched our lives in many ways, it has also made the world increasingly complex and difficult to navigate. The rapid disruption of many established industries has meant that even the most intelligent and conscientious individuals have had to struggle to stay relevant in the modern globalized economy—while others, inundated with information to make sense of, can’t figure out how to make all the right decisions the first time, and must spend years broke, jobless, underemployed, or burnt out. We are not weaker or stupider than our ancestors, but the world is more challenging than ever before and we need to go through more trial and error than they did in order to secure a comfortable existence. Continued technological development will increase material abundance even more, but technology alone cannot solve the problem of figuring out whom to distribute resources to and getting everyone on board with how resources are distributed. LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 Position Paper Watch the documentary The Internet Revolution and Digital Future Technology (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9xZFZO7USA). After watching the clip, write a 300 – 500 word paper discussing the impact of information revolution to you. Your work will be assessed using the following criteria: 4 Demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the subject for reflection and work can be used as an example for others. Work is insightful and shows a high degree of imagination. Ideas are clearly articulated and well developed.

3 Demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the subject for reflection.

2 Demonstrates basic understanding the subject reflection.

Work is insightful and shows imagination.

Organization and Grammar

Writing is wellorganized with no spelling and grammatical errors.

Writing is wellorganized with few spelling and grammatical errors.

Timeliness

Completed work was passed earlier than the deadline given.

Completed work was passed on the deadline given.

Work shows some insight and some degree of imagination. Ideas show some degree of clarity but are not well developed. Writing has some degree of organization with some spelling and grammatical errors. Completed work was passed the day after the deadline given.

Depth of Content

Originality Insight

and

Style and Clarity

Ideas are clearly articulated and well developed.

a of for

1 Lacks understanding the subject reflection.

Work is original.

of for

not

Ideas are not communicated clearly nor are they well developed. Writing is unorganized and contains many spelling and grammatical errors. Completed work was passed more than a day after the deadline given.

SUMMARY The following learning points summarize what you have learned in this section:  The Information Age (sometimes called the Digital Age and the New Media Age) is a period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century when information became effortlessly accessible through publications and through management of information by computers and computer networks. According to James R. Messenger, who proposed the Theory of Information Age in 1982, this

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interconnection operates on real-time and as-needed basis, and that they are driven by convenience and user-friendliness. However, the growth of information transmission, recording, and management grew at a fast rate, causing great difficulty. It also created a technological divide between those who can afford internet services and those who cannot, increasing the gap between socioeconomic classes. Other problems that is caused by these developments include compromise on reliability, which gives rise to misinformation; reinforcement of biases and beliefs of like-minded people belonging to social media; control of public opinion and harassment; online predation, identity theft, scamming, and other new crimes; pornography; and cyberbullying. REFERENCES

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Quinto, Edward Jay M. and Nieva, Aileen D. (2019). Science, Technology, and Society. pp 132-146. Quezon City: C&E Publishing. Newest Documentaries (2018, January 21). The Internet Revolution and Digital Future Technology [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9xZFZO7USA

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