Chapter 13 - Testbank Answers PDF

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Chapter 13 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

One of the most significant aspects of CHD is that a number of the deaths that occur each year are premature deaths. True False

2.

Across the life span, women seem to be protected against coronary heart disease relative to men. True False

3.

A type of proinflammatory cytokine is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. True False

4.

Cognitive behavioural interventions may reduce the drug requirements for the treatment of hypertension. True False

5.

Mild hypertension is defined by a diastolic pressure consistently between 105 and 119. True False

6.

National campaigns to educate Canadians about hypertension have not been very successful in getting people diagnosed and treated. True False

7.

Stroke occurs more often in women than in men. True False

8.

In terms of emotional response, patients with left-brain damage from a stroke seem indifferent to their situation. True False

9.

Whereas stress adversely affects adherence to treatment and diet, stress has not been found to directly affect Type I and Type II diabetes. True False

10. Depression often is a complication of diabetes. True False 11. The number two killer in Canada, accounting for more than 20 percent of all deaths, is A. diabetes. B. coronary heart disease. C. hypertension. D. cancer. E. parainfluenza. 12. One of the most significant aspects of coronary heart disease is that A. a number of the deaths that occur each year are premature deaths. B. it is a disease of lifestyle. C. it involves modifiable risk factors. D. it is a non-communicable disease. E. it is not as serious as most people think.

13. The combination of obesity centered around the waist, high levels of triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and difficulty metabolizing blood sugar are symptomatic of A. inflammation due to C-reactive protein. B. metabolic syndrome. C. angina pectoris. D. cardiac arrest. E. diabetes. 14. Which of the following job factors has been found to be related to increased risk of CHD? A. high work demands and low control B. a discrepancy between one's education level and one's occupation C. low job security D. occupational stress in general E. All of these job factors have been found to be related to an increase risk of CHD. 15. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number _____ killer in Canada. A. one B. two C. three D. four E. five 16. Women A.show greater increases in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and some metabolic responses in response to stress than do men. B. experience an increased risk of myocardial infarction or CHD-related death after menopause. C. develop CHD on the average about 15 years earlier than do men. D. seem to be protected at young ages against CHD due to their lower levels of HDL cholesterol. E. have not been shown to have different risks for CHD than men. 17. The personality quality "agency" is associated with _______________, whereas "communion" is associated with _______________. A. good physical and mental health outcomes; reduced psychological stress B. good physical and mental health outcomes; few relations to physical and mental health outcomes C. few relations to physical and mental health outcomes; good physical and mental health outcomes D. reduced psychological stress; good physical and mental health outcomes E. they are both related to good physical and mental health outcomes 18. Besides chronic stress, what other emerging factor may lead to coronary heart disease? A. socio-economic status B. PTSD C. ethnicity D. career choice E. mobile phone use 19. Hostility A. is a potential risk factor for the development of heart disease. B. is a predictor of survival of heart disease. C. is implicated in diabetes. D. has a genetic component. E. All of these answers are correct. 20. Cynical hostility is characterized by A. suspiciousness. B. little resentment. C. infrequent angry episodes. D. trust in others. E. paranoid schizophrenia.

21. Higher levels of hostility have been found among A. men. B. non-whites. C. people low in socio-economic status (SES). D. men, non-whites, and people with low socio-economic status (SES). E. men and non-whites only, socioeconomic status (SES) does not affect higher hostility levels. 22. Hostile individuals A. exhibit a weak antagonistic response to sympathetic activity in response to stress B. have a prolonged reactivity to stress C. have larger and longer-lasting blood pressure responses to anger-arousing situations D. show different patterns of immune activation in response to sympathetic activation E. All of these answers are correct. 23. Which type of hostility is most related to CHD? A. oppositional defiant hostility B. familial hostility C. conflictual hostility D. cynical hostility E. major depressive hostility 24. Individuals who are high in hostility A. have chronically higher blood pressure. B. show more pronounced heart rate reactivity to laboratory stressors. C. show more pronounced physiological reactions in response to interpersonal stressors. D. exhibit a strong antagonistic response to sympathetic activity in response to stress. E. exhibit higher levels of serotonin. 25. Depression may be a risk factor for CHD due to its relationship with A. C-reactive protein. B. the metabolic syndrome. C. both C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome. D. decreased energy levels. E. Depression is not a risk factor for CHD. 26. Social dominance is related to A. CHD. B. all-cause mortality. C. a pattern of attempting to dominate social interactions. D. a faster than normal speaking rate. E. All of these answers are related to social dominance. 27. As a recommended intervention for the modification of coronary-prone behaviour, exercise can A. reduce CHD risk factors. B. enhance psychological well-being. C. reduce CHD morbidity and mortality. D. help reduce the anxiety associated with CHD following cardiac events. E. All of these answers are correct. 28. Which of the following has NOT been found to be associated with delay before seeking treatment for myocardial infarction? A. interpretation of symptoms as mild disorders B. being young and white C. history of angina or diabetes D. experiencing an attack during the daytime E. they have all found to be associated with delay before seeking treatment for myocardial infarction

29. Beta-blocking agents are used in cardiac rehabilitation A. to activate the parasympathetic nervous system. B. to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation. C. to control the pain of angina pectoris. D. when behavioural stress management interventions fail. E. to lower levels of LDL cholesterol. 30. ______________ is/are the most common drug treatment for reducing the incidence of death, heart attack, and stroke. A. Statins B. Diuretics C. Beta-blockers D. Vitamins E. Aspirin 31. Cardiac rehabilitation programs involve A. aerobic exercise. B. smoking cessation. C. reduced alcohol consumption. D. aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, and reduced alcohol consumption. E. aerobic exercise, smoking cessation only. 32. Cardiac invalidism occurs when A. patients and their spouses underestimate the patient's physical abilities. B. spouses underestimate the extent of disability. C. patients malinger in order to reap secondary gains associated with the sick role. D. patients feel that they are unable to control the stressors in their daily lives. E. spouses overestimate the patient's physical abilities. 33. In a study of cardiac invalidism (Taylor et al., 1985), wives' perceptions of their husbands' cardiac and physical efficiency were highest when they had A. been provided information about their husband's medical and psychological condition. B. observed their husband's performance on a treadmill task. C. personally experienced the treadmill task themselves. D. been involved in the decision making process regarding treatment. E. observed them at home doing everyday tasks. 34. Sudden death from heart attack is most likely to occur A. at home. B. at work. C. on vacation. D. while the patient is asleep. E. at a restaurant. 35. Diastolic pressure is related to A. resistance of the blood vessels to blood flow. B. the amount of force developed during contraction of the heart. C. the volume of blood leaving the heart. D. the arteries' elasticity. E. All of these answers are correct. 36. Males are at greater risk for hypertension A. across the life span. B. before age 40. C. before age 50. D. after age 50. E. after age 60.

37. According to a study of hypertension risk factors by Ewart (1991), the family environment that fosters _______________ may then contribute to hypertension. A. negative affectivity B. chronic anger C. excessive competitiveness D. cynical distrust E. defensiveness 38. The role of stress in the development and exacerbation of hypertension A. is the same for people at risk for hypertension and those who are not at risk. B. does not change as hypertension progresses. C. may be different for people at risk for hypertension. D. has not been studied enough to determine what the role is. E. is still unclear. 39. In a study of Canadian-Chinese and American-Chinese women by Satia-Abouta, Patterson, Kristal, Teh, and Tu (2002), the prevalence of hypertension associated with acculturation may be traced to A. the stress of acculturation. B. the pressure to change traditional lifestyle practices, including an adopted diet lower in fruit and vegetables. C. exposure to chronic environmental stressors. D. anxiety related to learning a new language. E. There are no health risks associated with acculturation. 40. The longer immigrants have been living in Canada A. the more levels of hypertension resemble the general population. B. the incrementally more chance there is of having hypertension. C. the less researchers can separate hypertension from socioeconomic variables. D. the incidence of hypertension drops dramatically. E. has no effect, hypertension can set in at any time during acculturation. 41. One drug treatment for hypertension, beta-adrenergic blockers, work by A. decreasing cardiac output and decreasing plasma renin activity. B. decreasing sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. C. depleting catecholamines from the brain and the adrenal medulla. D. reducing blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium. E. decreasing cardiac output and increasing plasma renin activity. 42. Caffeine restriction is often included as part of the dietary treatment of hypertension because A. caffeine elevates blood pressure responses among those at risk for or already diagnosed with hypertension B. caffeine generally contributes to rising levels of hypertension C. it is an easy and inexpensive treatment D. caffeine elevates blood pressure, contributes to rising levels of hypertension E. caffeine restriction is never a recommended part of a dietary treatment for hypertension 43. Cognitive behavioural techniques A. may substitute for drug treatments in cases of severe hypertension. B. aggravate sympathetic nervous system activity. C. are effective but expensive compared to drug treatments for hypertension. D. designed to control the expression of anger have been unsuccessful in the treatment of hypertension. E. are effective because they do not require supervision and they have less side effects 44. The correlation between beliefs about level of blood pressure and actual blood pressure is A. high. B. moderate. C. low. D. zero. E. > than.8.

45. The risk factors for stroke A. are independent of those for heart disease. B. decrease with age. C. are not subject to modification by lifestyle changes. D. include cigarette smoking. E. None of these answers are correct. 46. Patients with right-brain damage due to stroke typically suffer A. communication disorders such as aphasia. B. impaired performance on cognitive tasks that require the use of short-term memory. C. difficulty in processing visual feedback. D. extreme anxiety and depression. E. impaired performance on tasks that require language generation. 47. Small strokes that produce temporary weakness, clumsiness, or loss of feeling in one side or limb are called A. cerebral hemorrhages. B. hypertension. C. CHD. D. transient ischemic attacks. E. temporary cerebral attacks. 48. Predictors of depression in stroke patients include A. overprotection by a caregiver. B. site and severity of stroke. C. poor relation with a caregiver. D. a caregiver with a negative viewpoint on the caregiving situation. E. All of these answers are correct. 49. Which of the following is NOT one of the rehabilitative interventions used for stroke patients? A. psychotherapy. B. cognitive remedial training. C. family counselling. D. the use of structured, stimulating environments to challenge the stroke patient's capabilities. E. training in specific skills development. 50. Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes A. develops relatively late in life (after age 40). B. accounts for 90 percent of all diabetics. C. is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms. D. usually is inherited. E. is related to obesity. 51. Type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes A. develops relatively late in life (after age 40), but is becoming more common in children and adolescents. B. accounts for 70 percent of all diabetics. C. occurs when insulin action and secretion is regulated. D. most commonly occur in women. E. All of these answers are correct. 52. Stress has been implicated in A. problems in glucose metabolism. B. disruption of the performance of preventive health behaviours related to diabetes self-management. C. adverse effects on adherence to diabetic treatment regimens and diet. D. the aggravation of both Type I and Type II diabetes after diagnosis. E. All of these answers are correct.

53. Poor adherence to diabetes treatment seems to be due to A. situational factors. B. regional factors. C. personality factors. D. family background. E. socio-economic status. 54. Which of the following would BEST predict compliance with a diabetic treatment regimen? A. the number of persons in the diabetic's social support network B. training the diabetic to discriminate when his or her blood glucose level needed to be modified C. any intervention that focuses on improving a sense of self-efficacy and the ability to independently regulate one's behaviour D. stress management and relaxation training E. having a family member present at diagnosis to take notes 55. Studies of diabetic control and adherence indicate that the best outcomes are found among adolescents who have A. individual therapy. B. family therapy. C. parents who are actively involved in tasks such as monitoring glucose levels. D. a dense social support network. E. parents who allow them to monitor their own glucose levels, giving them a sense of independence and accomplishment. 56. Explain the relationship of lifestyle factors to coronary heart disease and cardiac rehabilitation.

57. Discuss what we currently know regarding how women experience coronary heart disease including the factors contributing to its development and the consequences for women in comparison to men.

58. What ethnic differences have been found in the incidence of hypertension? What psychosocial factors may be implicated in these ethnic differences?

59. What are the consequences of stroke? What are the rehabilitative interventions used to manage the consequences of stroke?

60. Explain why adherence to diabetic treatment programs is so difficult for most people to achieve.

Chapter 13 Key 1. TRUE 2. FALSE 3. TRUE 4. TRUE 5. FALSE 6. FALSE 7. FALSE 8. FALSE 9. FALSE 10. TRUE 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. E 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. E 27. E 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. C

37. B 38. C 39. B 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. E 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. E 49. C 50. C 51. A 52. E 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. Answers may vary. 57. Answers may vary. 58. Answers may vary. 59. Answers may vary. 60. Answers may vary.

Chapter 13 Summary Category Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: 13-01 Describe coronary heart disease (CHD) Learning Objective: 13-02 Explain hypertension Learning Objective: 13-03 Understand stroke Learning Objective: 13-04 Describe diabetes Taylor - Chapter 13

# of Questions 55 29 14 8 9 60...