Chapter 15- Multiple Choice PDF

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1. During puberty, adolescents' thoughts center on _____. A) friends B) society C) family D) themselves

2. During puberty, young people center on themselves, in part because brain maturation heightens _____. A) self-esteem B) self-consciousness C) self-concept D) self-identity

3. Thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called ì_____.î A) individualism B) deductive thinking C) inductive thinking D) egocentrism

4. _____ coined the term adolescent egocentrism. A) Erik Erikson B) B.F. Skinner C) David Elkind D) Lawrence Kohlberg

5. Ron thinks he is more unique and admired than other adolescents his age, and is certain that everyone is paying attention to his every action. It appears that he has started to experience adolescent _____. A) modesty B) moral reasoning C) egocentrism D) logic

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6. Avery, who is 14 years old, is attending her first swim team practice. She is very sensitive to the facial expressions, body language, communication styles, and other social cues given by her new teammates. Avery's sensitivity to these social cues is aided by her adolescent _____. A) hypothetical thinking B) deductive thinking C) inductive thinking D) egocentrism

7. Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their _____. A) personal fable B) post-operational thought C) moral reasoning D) invincibility fable

8. The belief that one cannot be harmed by things that would hurt someone else is referred to as ì_____.î A) the invincibility fable B) the personal fable C) the imaginary audience D) deductive reasoning

9. Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating _____. A) the personal fable B) deductive reasoning C) self-awareness D) the invincibility fable

10. The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in _____. A) a 17-year-old boy who drives cautiously B) an 18-year-old girl who insists that her boyfriend use a condom C) a young military recruit who hopes to be sent into combat D) an adolescent who sings, thinking that the neighbors must be listening

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11. The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents' _____. A) ability to understand how others perceive them B) belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance C) constant posing and posturing before mirrors D) belief that others are spying on them

12. Marsha says, ìThere is no way I am going to school today with this pimple on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me.î Marsha is demonstrating _____. A) a volatile mismatch B) an implicit judgment C) the imaginary audience D) the invincibility fable

13. When adolescents fantasize about how others will react to their new hairstyle, they are creating a(n) _____. A) personal fable B) abstract audience C) personal identity D) imaginary audience

14. Jean Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence ì______.î A) formal operational thought B) invincibility thinking C) metacognition D) concrete operational thinking

15. Juanita just solved this math problem: (35xy2)(6zy3). Her ability to do so places her in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A) sensorimotor B) preoperational C) concrete operational D) formal operational

16. When Piaget and his colleagues asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that _____. A) by age 4, children tended to use logical deduction B) by age 7, children used spatial relationships C) by age 10, trial-and-error strategies based on logic are used to balance the scale D) by age 13 or 14, logic is used to understand a reciprocal relationship

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17. Jeremy, age 7, has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably _____. A) solve the problem through a trial-and-error strategy B) put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale C) understand the inverse relationship between distance and weight D) put all the weights on one side of the scale

18. In Piaget's experiments with balancing a scale, trial-and-error problem solving was most characteristic of those of the age defined by _____. A) unrealistic thought B) concrete operational thought C) logical thought D) formal operational thought

19. In Piaget and his colleagues' experiments with balancing a scale, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age _____. A) 4 B) 7 C) 10 D) 14

20. One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to _____. A) reject adult thoughts and values B) think in terms of possibilities C) take another person's point of view D) use creative impulse as a problem-solving skill

21. Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines _____. A) inductive reasoning B) perceptual thought C) hypothetical thought D) deductive reasoning

22. Which statement is true? A) Hypothetical thought is tied to the everyday world as the individual knows it. B) Hypothetical thought is emotionally based. C) Hypothetical thought involves imagined possibilities. D) Hypothetical thought is an aspect of concrete operational thinking.

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23. Ifñthen propositions require _____. A) concrete thought B) operational thought C) postformal thought D) hypothetical thought

24. Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions such as, ìWhy can't I have wine with dinner? You do,î or ìI don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!î This demonstrates Justine's _____. A) inductive reasoning B) perceptual thinking C) hypothetical thinking D) deductive reasoning

25. Which term refers to reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics? A) hypothetical reasoning B) inductive reasoning C) deductive reasoning D) adolescent egocentrism

26. Deductive reasoning is also referred to as ì______ reasoning.î A) top-down B) theoretical C) concrete D) bottom-up

27. Which term refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions? A) hypothetical reasoning B) inductive reasoning C) deductive reasoning D) adolescent egocentrism

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28. Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as ì______ reasoning.î A) top-down B) theoretical C) concrete D) inductive

29. All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore, Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____. A) deductive reasoning B) theoretical reasoning C) concrete reasoning D) formal reasoning

30. Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____. A) adolescent egocentrism B) intuitive thinking C) inductive reasoning D) deductive reasoning

31. Using _____ thinking, a person might think, ìIf it barks like a dog and wags its tail like a dog, it must be a dog.î A) deductive B) preoperational C) reductive D) inductive

32. Three different girls tell Brian that The Notebook is their all-time favorite movie. Brian concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used _____. A) hypothetical reasoning B) inductive reasoning C) deductive reasoning D) adolescent egocentrism

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33. In a study of adolescent agreement and disagreement with policies to remedy racial discrimination, most adolescents believed that racism was the cause of disparities between African and European Americans, but adolescents' ages influenced their ideas about solutions to the inequality. Those who were most likely to support systemic solutions (e.g., affirmative action and desegregation) were between the ages of _____. A) 10 and 11 B) 12 and 13 C) 14 and 15 D) 16 and 17

34. The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, is called ìthe _____model.î A) dual-thinking B) dual-processing C) dual-reasoning D) emotional-analytic

35. Both intuitive thinking and analytical thought reflect _______. A) inborn temperament B) indirect teaching methods C) activity preferences D) cooperative learning opportunities

36. When asked what she sees in her new boyfriend, whom she just met, Kayla responds, ìI don't know. It just feels right.î Kayla's response is an example of _____ thought. A) concrete operational B) analytic C) intuitive D) abstract

37. Piaget's scale-balancing problem requires ____ thought. A) concrete operational B) analytic C) intuitive D) conventional

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38. Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a hunch is referred to as ì______.î A) deductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

39. A thought that arises through a ìfeelingî that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) ì______ thought.î A) intuitive B) factual C) experimental D) logical

40. Fifteen-year-old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, ìI know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another three months until I turn 16.î This is an example of what kind of thinking? A) reasoning B) intuitive C) logical D) analytic

41. Kristy and her friends come up with several options of things to do on Friday night, and ultimately decide to go to a new movie because it received positive reviews. In making this decision Kristy and her friends are using what type of thought? A) deductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

42. Formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget is referred to as ì______.î A) deductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

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43. Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, ìI've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?î This is an example of what kind of thinking? A) concrete operational B) intuitive thought C) emotional thought D) analytic thought

44. Aaron has a busy week of school ahead. He has a report due in history, a paper due in English, a test in biology, a concert for music, and two basketball games. In order to effectively manage all of these activities, Aaron will need to engage what type of thought? A) deductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

45. Paul Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that _____. A) younger adolescents were rarely logical, whereas older adolescents were nearly always logical B) individuals who were analytical on some problems were analytical on all problems C) most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow D) younger adolescents tended to dismiss research that was contrary to their own beliefs

46. Klaczynski's research showed that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with _____. A) life experiences B) practice of formal thinking C) intelligence (IQ) D) parent involvement

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47. Adolescents are capable of analytic thought, yet they do not consistently use it. All of the following are possible reasons for the inconsistent use of analytic thought by adolescents EXCEPT _____. A) their lack of experience making decisions and thinking things through B) thinking logically is more difficult than thinking intuitively for adolescents C) thinking logically may require that adolescents confront comforting, familiar prejudices D) their active resistance to logical thinking

48. Blair has heard repeatedly from her parents about the potential dangers of drinking alcohol, yet at a party she gladly accepts a beer from a classmate. Blair thinks that this classmate is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Blair's decision to accept the beer? A) inductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

49. Benjamin has heard repeatedly from his parents about the potential dangers of smoking and he agrees with his parents about the potential dangers. At a party Benjamin is offered a cigarette but declines it even though the person who offered the cigarette is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Benjamin's decision to decline the cigarette? A) inductive reasoning B) intuitive thought C) concrete reasoning D) analytic thought

50. During adolescence, impulsivity declines and analytic thinking _____. A) also declines B) increases C) maintains at the preadolescent level D) is still not developed

51. Adolescents tend to rely more on ______ thinking than adults do. A) intuitive B) analytic C) abstract D) preconventional

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52. In a longitudinal study that traced the development of sensation seeking (which can lead to intuitive thinking) from early adolescence to the mid-20s, revealed that increases in sensation seeking were notable from ages _____. A) 12 to 14 B) 15 to 17 C) 18 to 20 D) 21 to 23

53. It may be that the fundamental task of adolescence is to ______. A) move from secondary to tertiary education B) avoid risky behaviors C) achieve adult levels of social competence D) graduate school and find a life partner

54. Dustin Albert and colleagues conducted a series of experiments in which adults and adolescents, alone or with peers, played a video game. In the game, taking risks could lead to crashes or gaining points. The experiments found that _____, unlike the _____, were much more likely to take risks and crash when they were _____. A) adults; adolescents; alone B) adolescents; adults; alone C) adults; adolescents; with peers D) adolescents; adults; with peers

55. The connection between the ______ and the prefrontal cortex changes during puberty, and that increases risk-taking behavior. A) hippocampus B) ventral striatum C) brain stem D) left hemisphere

56. Who are considered to be ìdigital nativesî in the United States? A) preschoolers B) adolescents C) adults between the ages of 35 and 55 D) adults over the age of 65

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57. The device most often responsible for creating digital natives among low-SES adolescents of every ethnic group is the _____. A) tablet B) computer C) chatroom D) smartphone

58. In recent years, the so-called digital divide has _____ among adolescents. A) increased B) decreased C) remained steady D) disappeared

59. Spencer is the only one in his class who does not have high-speed Internet at home. Spencer most likely comes from a(n) _____ family. A) low-income B) middle-income C) single-parent D) only child

60. Today, the most notable digital divide is based on _____. A) age B) gender C) socioeconomic status (SES) D) religion

61. Alisha is doing a history report on the 35th president of the United States for her tenth-grade history class. Where is Alisha most likely going to look for information to complete her report? A) an encyclopedia in the library B) a book on presidents from the local bookstore C) the Internet accessed via her home computer D) newspaper articles archived on library microfilm

62. As of 2010, ____ percent of teenagers say that someone has tried to get them to talk about sex online. A) 1 B) 5 C) 10 D) 15

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63. A study of almost 2,000 older children and adolescents in the United States revealed that participants played an average of _____ hours of video games each day. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8

64. Richard plays video games for many hours each day. Richard can expect to have lower _____. A) levels of aggression B) grades at school C) blood pressure D) stress levels

65. Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called ì _____.î A) spamming B) cyberbullying C) electronic harassment D) hacking

66. Adolescent victims of cyberbullying are MOST likely to _____. A) find easy ways to escape the situation B) not let it bother them C) report the incident to a teacher or another adult D) experience depression

67. As many as ____ percent of adolescents report having received sexting photos. A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 50

68. Which of the following is true about the best curricula and school structures style for adolescents? A) Co-education and high-stakes testing produce the best results. B) Co-education and practical skills-focused instruction produce the best results. C) Single-sex education allows for higher academic achievement. D) No school structure or pedagogy is best for every student.

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69. The school years after elementary or grade school and before college or university are referred to as ì______.î A) primary education B) secondary education C) tertiary education D) quaternary education

70. Bridget is in tenth grade. Bridget is enrolled in _____ education. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) higher education

71. Which statement is false? A) Secondary education refers to schooling completed after high school graduation, such as college or vocational training. B) No matter where they live, individuals who complete secondary education are healthier. C) Every nation is increasing the number of students in secondary education. D) As the age of puberty has decreased, some schools of secondary education now start with grade 5.

72. Middle school typically includes grades _____. A) 4 to 6 B) 5 to 7 C) 6 to 8 D) 7 to 9

73. Many developmentalists find middle schools to be ìdevelopmentally regressive,î which means _____. A) teachers do not allow students to be independent B) learning goes backward C) the curriculum is not high quality D) students do not desire autonomy

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74. Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to _____. A) improve B) decline C) remain the same as in elementary school D) exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling

75. Reggie has just started middle school. According to research, Reggie will _______. A) likely experience more behavior problems B) likely experience fewer behavior problems C) continue to show high achievement D) experience a sharp decline in self-esteem, achievement, and social status

76. Which student is MOST likely to be admired during middle school? A) Allie, who is a straight-A student B) Lloyd, who attends school regularly but fails most of his classes C) Louisa, who uses marijuana and frequently finds herself in physical fights D) Chong, who is conscientious and friendly

77. Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school may show early signs of high school dropout by _____. A) preschool B) elementary school C) middle school D) high school

78. Taylor spends one hour getting ready for school. She insists on only wearing brand-name clothes. Taylor also wears specific sunglasses to demonstrat...