Chapter 16 Antecedent Control Procedures PDF

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1. The manipulation of antecedent stimuli to increase the probability of desirable behavior and decrease the probability of competing behavior is referred to as: a. respondent conditioning b. antecedent control procedures c. shaping d. chaining ANSWER: b 2. Antecedent control procedures are used along with ___________ so that desired behaviors are more likely to occur and competing behaviors are less likely to occur. a. punishment b. differential reinforcement c. chaining d. shaping ANSWER: b 3. Antecedent control procedures involve the manipulation of: a. discriminative stimuli and cues b. establishing operations c. response effort d. all of these ANSWER: d 4. Presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues for a behavior make the behavior ____________ likely to occur, and removing the discriminative stimulus and cues for the behavior make the behavior ____________ likely to occur. a. more; less b. less; more c. more; more d. less; less ANSWER: a 5. A behavior that requires ____________ response effort is more likely to occur than a behavior that requires ____________ response effort. a. less; more b. more; less c. less; less d. more; more ANSWER: a 6. The presence of an establishing operation makes the consequence of a behavior ____________, and the presence of an abolishing operation makes the consequence of a behavior ____________. a. more reinforcing; less reinforcing b. less reinforcing; more reinforcing

c. more punishing; less punishing d. aversive; desirable ANSWER: a 7. Antecedent control procedures are used when: a. the goal is to increase a desirable behavior b. the goal is to decrease competing behaviors c. a behavior is already in the person’s repertoire d. all of these ANSWER: d 8. When identifying and defining the desirable and competing behaviors you need to determine whether you can: a. reduce the response effort for the desired behavior b. decrease the response effort for the competing behaviors c. increase the response effort for the desired behavior d. A and B ANSWER: a 9. Analyzing antecedent situations related to the desired and competing behaviors involves identifying: a. the discriminative stimulus and cues for each behavior b. the reinforcers for each behavior c. the distinguishing stimulus for each behavior d. all of these ANSWER: a 10. Bill wants to increase the amount of water that he drinks each day, so he keeps a filled water bottle on his desk at work. Bill also sets his watch to beep every hour to remind him to take a drink of water. Which antecedent control strategy is Bill using to increase his desired behavior of drinking water? a. removing the discriminative stimulus and cues b. presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues c. arranging establishing operations d. increasing response effort ANSWER: b 11. When Matt goes to bed at night he is unable to fall asleep because he usually takes a nap in the evening. Matt stops taking naps so that he is able to get more sleep at night. Which antecedent control strategy is Matt using to increase his desired behavior of getting more sleep at night? a. arranging establishing operations b. presenting the discriminative stimulus c. decreasing response effort d. removing the discriminative stimulus ANSWER: a

12. Nicole wants to increase the amount of exercise that she gets. Nicole purchases a treadmill so that she will not have to drive all the way across town to exercise at the health club. Having a treadmill in her home so that she exercises more often is an example of: a. decreasing response effort b. increasing response effort c. arranging establishing operations d. eliminating establishing operations ANSWER: a 13. Bill wants to increase the amount of water that he drinks each day, but is having difficulty because he drinks too much pop instead. Bill gets rid of all the pop in his apartment and no longer goes down the pop aisle in the supermarket. Removing the pop and avoiding the pop aisle in the supermarket is an example of ____________ for his competing behavior. a. removing the discriminative stimulus and cues b. presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues c. decreasing response effort d. eliminating establishing operations ANSWER: a 14. Andrea wants to start eating a healthier diet, but she is having problems because she likes to eat junk food while studying. Andrea starts eating regular meals so that she is never hungry and less likely to want junk food. Eating regular meals in order to make junk food less desirable is an example of ____________ for competing behaviors. a. arranging an establishing operation b. presenting an abolishing operation c. increasing response effort d. removing the discriminative stimulus ANSWER: b 15. Paul wants to increase the amount of time he studies, but is having trouble because he usually ends up playing his favorite video game instead. Paul has his roommate hide the game so that, if he wants to play the game instead of studying, he will first have to spend a lot of time looking for it. This is an example of ____________ for competing behaviors. a. eliminating establishing operations b. arranging establishing operations c. decreasing response cost d. increasing response cost ANSWER: d 16. Which of the following is NOT a functional approach to decrease problem behaviors? a. punishment b. extinction c. antecedent manipulations d. differential reinforcement ANSWER: a

17. Antecedent control procedures are said to be ____________ because they are based on information gathered through functional assessment, and involve altering the environmental variables that control a behavior. a. complex b. experimental c. functional d. environmental ANSWER: c 18. Which of the following is NOT manipulated in antecedent control procedures? a. reinforcers b. response effort c. discriminative stimuli d. establishing operations ANSWER: a 19. A desirable behavior can be increased through the use of antecedent control procedures by ____________ for the desirable behavior. a. creating establishing operations b. removing the discriminative stimulus c. increasing response effort d. A and B ANSWER: a 20. Tony wants to decrease his behavior of smoking, so he gets rid of all the cigarettes in his home. Tony also gets rid of his ashtrays and cigarette lighter, and stops going to outdoor bars that are full of people who smoke. Which antecedent control strategy for decreasing a problem behavior is Tony using? a. arranging establishing operations b. removing establishing operations c. presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues d. removing the discriminative stimulus and cues ANSWER: d 21. Julie wants to replace drinking coffee with the alternative behavior of drinking water. Julie keeps a filled water bottle on her desk at work, and has her co-workers remind her to drink more water. In this example, Julie is using the antecedent control strategy of ____________ for desirable alternative behaviors. a. increasing response effort b. presenting the discriminative stimulus and cues c. arranging establishing operations d. eliminating establishing operations ANSWER: b 22. A student engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom in order to get attention from the teacher. In order to decrease the disruptive behavior, the teacher gives the student frequent attention so that receiving attention by engaging in

disruptive behavior is less reinforcing. Which antecedent control strategy is the teacher using to decrease the student’s disruptive behavior? a. removing cues for the problem behavior b. decreasing response effort c. removing the discriminative stimulus d. presenting an abolishing operation ANSWER: d 23. Paul’s parents frequently give him money whenever he asks. When his parents offer to pay him to help out in the family business Paul is not interested, stating that he does not need the money. In order to make it more reinforcing to receive money for working, Paul’s parents stop giving him money whenever he asks. Which antecedent control strategy are Paul’s parents using? a. creating an establishing operation b. presenting the discriminative stimulus c. decreasing response effort d. removing the discriminative stimulus ANSWER: a 24. When Eric is at home, he spends most of his time on the Internet instead of studying. Eric disconnects his Internet access at home, so that he has to go to the campus computer cluster in order to get on the Internet. Which antecedent control strategy involves making it more difficult to engage in the problem behavior? a. arranging establishing operations b. eliminating establishing operations c. decreasing response effort d. increasing response effort ANSWER: d 25. Pam wants to replace eating junk food with the alternative behavior of eating fruit. Pam makes sure that she always has fruit in her house, so that when she wants something to eat it is easy for her to have fruit. In addition, Pam buys fresh fruit because it does not require any preparation before eating. Which antecedent control strategy is Pam using? a. decreasing response effort b. increasing response effort c. removing the discriminative stimulus d. arranging establishing operations ANSWER: a 26. Antecedent control procedures are used when: a. punishment procedures have proven ineffective b. practical considerations make it impossible to manipulate antecedent events c. the change agent has control over relevant antecedent events d. all of these ANSWER: c 27. In behavior modification, an event that alters the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer is referred to as a (an):

a. extinction burst b. three-term contingency c. discriminative stimulus d. motivating operation ANSWER: d D

28. Presenting the S , decreasing response effort, and presenting an establishing operation are ways to: a. make a behavior less likely b. make a behavior more likely c. both of these d. none of these ANSWER: b D

29. Removing the S , arranging abolishing operations, and increasing response effort are ways to: a. make a behavior less likely b. make a behavior more likely c. both of these d. none of these ANSWER: a 30. When would you consider the use of antecedent control strategies? a. after you have found punishment procedures to be ineffective b. after you have conducted a functional assessment of the behavior to be modified c. when your goal is to increase or decrease a target behavior d. B and C ANSWER: d 31. Antecedent control procedures involve a change in the ___________ that evoke the occurrence of a problem behavior or the occurrence of competing behaviors to replace the problem behavior. ANSWER: antecedents 32. To determine which antecedent control procedures to use in any given situation, it is helpful to understand the situation by analyzing the contingencies of reinforcement related to both the ___________ and ___________ behaviors. ANSWER: desirable, competing problem 33. Antecedent control procedures involve a change in the antecedents that evoke the occurrence of a problem behavior or the occurrence of _________________________ to replace the problem behavior. ANSWER: desirable behavior 34. To determine which antecedent control procedures to use in any given situation, it is helpful to understand the

situation by analyzing the _______________________ related to both the problem behavior and competing behaviors. ANSWER: three term contingency; 3 term contingency 35. Decreasing response effort for a behavior will make the behavior _______________ likely to occur. ANSWER: more 36. Antecedent control procedures are often used in conjunction with ___________. ANSWER: differential reinforcement 37. After choosing appropriate antecedent control procedures, you then ___________ the antecedents that are most likely to influence the behavior. ANSWER: alter 38. Increasing response effort will make a behavior ____________ likely to occur. ANSWER: les s D

39. Presenting the S for a behavior will make the behavior ____________ likely to occur. ANSWER: more 40. Presenting an EO for the outcome of the behavior will make the behavior ____________ likely to occur. ANSWER: more 41. Antecedent manipulations involve the use of aversive procedures. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 42. Antecedent manipulation strategies are one of the more time consuming, effortful, and costly procedures to reduce the occurrence of a problem behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 43. If the establishing operation increases the value of the reinforcer for a desirable alternative behavior, the problem behavior is more likely to occur. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 44. It is important to collect data before and after an antecedent manipulation procedure is used. a. True b. False ANSWER: True

45. It is not necessary to conduct a functional assessment when considering antecedent strategies. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 46. Decreasing response effort makes a behavior more likely to occur. a. True b. False ANSWER: True D

47. Presenting an S for a behavior makes a behavior more likely to occur. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 48. Antecedent control procedures are rarely used in combination with other procedures. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 49. Extinction is an antecedent control procedure. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 50. Extinction and differential reinforcement are used in conjunction with antecedent control procedures. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 51. How are extinction, differential reinforcement and antecedent manipulations functional? ANSWER: They are based on functional assessment information and alter the antecedent and consequence variables that control the problem behavior. 52. List 6 categories of antecedent manipulations that are used to both increase desirable behaviors and decrease problem behaviors. ANSWER: Antecedent manipulations that are used to both increase desirable behaviors and decrease problem behaviors are: Eliminating the SD or cues for the problem behavior D Providing the S or cues for desirable alternative behaviors Arranging an abolishing operation for the reinforcer that is maintaining the problem behavior Creating or enhancing an establishing operation for the reinforcer that is maintaining desirable alternative behaviors Increasing response effort for the problem behavior Decreasing response effort for desirable alternative behaviors

53. Zach likes to sit in the back of the classroom so he can talk to his friend Elizabeth while the teacher is instructing. The teacher finds this behavior very disruptive. What would you do to eliminate the cues for Zach’s talking behavior? ANSWER: Place Zach in the front of the room next to another student (not Elizabeth). 54. Mr. B has recently been told by the doctor that he needs to cut down on his intake of junk food. However, Mr. B’s kitchen cupboards and refrigerator are full of potato chips, candy bars, and ice cream. He also has 3 candy dishes set out all over the house. What would you tell Mr. B to do to increase the response effort for his eating junk food? ANSWER: Get rid of the junk food in the house. 55. You are always finding excuses not to exercise. Identify 3 different steps you could take to increase your chances of exercising on a regular basis: How would you present the cues for exercising? How would you decrease response effort of exercising? How would you arrange an establishing operation for the outcome of exercising? ANSWER: Keep a bag with exercise clothes handy (in car, by the door at home), plan to work out when you are already out (on the way to work or after work on the way home), plan to shower after the work out. 56. Judy wants to keep her apartment clean on a regular basis, however, she is often watching TV, talking on the phone or going to parties. Therefore, her apartment usually remains unkempt. What are the competing behaviors for Judy cleaning her apartment? To make these competing behaviors less likely to occur: How would you remove the discriminative stimulus? How would you present an abolishing operation? How would you increase response effort? ANSWER: The competing behaviors are watching TV, talking on the telephone, and going to parties. To remove the discriminative stimulus, you could hide the remote for the TV, possibly hiding the telephone, and asking friends not to invite her out until her apartment is clean. To present an abolishing operation, you could have her watch 30 minutes of TV so she doesn’t want to watch any more, talk on the telephone for 15 minutes so she doesn’t feel like talking on the phone, and socializing with friends so that she won’t feel like going out. To increase the response effort, you could hide the remote so it would take more effort to watch TV, hide the telephone so it would take more effort to talk on the telephone, and live farther away from friends so that going to parties is more effortful....