Chapter 2 - Medical Term - The body Structure PDF

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Medical Term - The body Structure...

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Word Parts aden/o gland adip/o fat anter/o before, front caud/o lower part of body, tail cephal/o head cyt/o, -cyte cell end-, endo- in, within, inside exo- out of, outside, away from hist/o tissue -ologist specialist -ology the science or study of path/o, -pathy disease, suffering, feeling, emotion plas/i, plas/o, -plasia development, growth, formation poster/o behind, toward the back -stasis, -static control, maintenance of a constant level

In medical terminology, there are several additional ways to describe the location of different body parts. These anatomical reference systems include: Body planes Body directions Body cavities Structural units

The different cavities. The dorsal cavity, which is located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions: 

The cranial cavity, which is located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.

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The spinal cavity, which is located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord.

The Ventral Cavity The ventral cavity, which is located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis. play audio Homeostasis (hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis) is the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment (home/o means constant, and -stasis means control). The ventral cavity is divided into the following portions: 

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The thoracic cavity (thoh-RAS-ick), also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs. The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The abdominal cavity (ab-DOM-ih-nal) contains the major organs of digestion. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the abdomen (AB-doh-men). The pelvic cavity (PEL-vick) is the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.

A tissue is a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions. play audio Histology is the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues (hist means tissue, and -ology means a study of). A histologist is a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues (hist means tissue, and -ologist means specialist). The four main types of tissue are as follows: Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These tissues also form glands.  

Epithelium is the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes. Endothelium is the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs.

Connective tissue Connective tissues support and connect organs and other body tissues. The four kinds of connective tissue are as follows: 

Dense connective tissues, such as bone and cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body.

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Adipose tissue, also known as fat, provides protective padding, insulation, and support (adip means fat, and -ose means pertaining to).

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Loose connective tissue surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels.

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Liquid connective tissues, which are blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body.

Muscle tissue Muscle tissue contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax. Nerve tissue Nerve tissue contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses....