Chapter 3 235 - summary PDF

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Chapter 3 Q

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport mechanisms? What is the key difference between passive and active processes? How do symporters and antiporters carry out their functions? What are the sources of cellular energy for active transport? In what ways are endocytosis and exocytosis similar and different? What triggers pseudopod formation Whi c hc y t os k e l e t a lc o mp o n e n th e l p sf o r mt h es t r u c t u r eo fc e n t r i ol e s , c i l i a ,a n dfla g e l l a ?An s Mi c r o t u b u l e she l pt of o r mc e n t r i o l e s ,c i l i a ,a ndfla g e l l a . 8. If you observed that a cell did not have a centrosome, what could you predict about its capacity for cell division? Ans: Ac e l lwi t h o utac e nt r o s o mep r o b a b l ywo u l dn o tbea b l et ou n d e r g oc e l ld i v i s i o n . 9. Wha ti st h ef u n c t i o n a ld i ffe r e n c eb e t we e nc i l i aa ndfla g e l l a ?Ci l i amo v eflui d sa c r o s sc e l ls u r f a c e s ;fla g e l l a mo v ea ne n t i r ec e l l . 10. Where are subunits of ribosomes synthesized and assembled? Ans: La r g ea n ds ma l lr i bo s oma l s u b u ni t sa r es y n t he s i z e ds e p a r a t e l yi nt h en u c l e ol u swi t hi nt h en u c l e u s ,a n da r et he na s s e mbl e di nt h e c yt o p l a s m. 11. Wha ta r et h es t r u c t u r a la n df un c t i o na ld i ffe r e n c e sb e t we e nr o u g ha n ds mo o t hER? Ans :Ro u g hERh a sa t t a c h e dr i b os o me s ;s moo t hERd o e sn o t .Ro u g hERs y nt h e s i z e sp r o t e i nst h a twi l lbe e x p or t e df r o mt h ec e l l ;s mo o t hERi sa s s o c i a t e dwi t hl i p i ds y nt h e s i sa n do t h e rme t a bo l i cr e a c t i o ns . 12. Howdot hee nt r ya n de xi tf a c e sdi ffe ri nf u n c t i o n ? Ans :Th ee n t r yf a c er e c e i v e sa n dmod i fie sp r o t e i n sf r o mr ou g hER;t h ee xi tf a c emo di fie s ,s o r t s ,a n d p a c ka g e smo l e c u l e sf o rt r a n s p or tt oo t he rd e s t i n a t i o ns . 13. Wha ta r et h et h r e eg e n e r a ld e s t i n a t i o n sf o rp r o t e i n st h a tl e a v et h eGo l gic o mp l e x ? Ans :So mep r o t e i nsa r es e c r e t e df r om t h ec e l lb ye x o c yt o s i s ,s o mea r ei nc o r p o r a t e di nt ot h ep l a s ma me mb r a n e ,a n ds o meo c c up ys t o r a g ev e s i c l e st h a tbe c omel y s os o me s . 14. Wha ti st h en a meo ft h ep r o c e s sb ywh i c hwor n o u to r g a ne l l e sa r ed i g e s t e db yl y s o s o me s ? Ans :Di g e s t i o no fwo r no u to r g a ne l l e sb yl y s o s ome si sc a l l e da u t o p h a g y . 1 5 .Ho wd ot hemi t o c h o n dr i a lc r i s t a ec o n t r i bu t et oi t sATPp r o du c i n gf u nc t i o n? Ans :Mi t o c h o nd r i a lc r i s t a ei n c r e a s et hes ur f a c ea r e aa v a i l a b l ef o rc h e mi c a lr e a c t i o nsa ndc o nt a i ns omeo f t h ee n z y me sn e e de df o rATPpr o du c t i on . 1 6 .What are some of the chemicals present in cytosol? 1 7 .What is the function of cytosol? 1 8 .Define an organelle 1 9 .Which organelles are surrounded by a membrane and which are not? 2 0 .Which organelles contribute to synthesizing protein hormones and packaging them into secretory vesicles? 2 1 .What happens on the cristae and in the matrix of mitochondria? 2 2 .Wh a ti sc hr o ma t i n ?An s :Ch r oma t i ni sac o mp l e xo fDNA,p r o t e i n s ,a n ds omeRNA 2 3 .Wh a ta r et h ec ompo n e n t so fan u c l e os o me ?An s :An u c l e os o mei sad o u b l e s t r a n de dmo l e c u l eofDNA wr a p p e dt wi c ea r o u n dac o r eo fe i g h th i s t o n e s( p r o t e i n s )

24. How do large particles enter and exit the nucleus? 25. Where are ribosomes produced?

26. How is DNA packed in the nucleus?...