Bio 235 Chapter07 PDF

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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: pap14 Chapter Number: 07

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called a) Rheumatics b) Podiatry c) Orthopedics d) Cardiology e) Dermatology Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.1 Describe how the skeleton is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System

2) Which of the following statements is NOT true? a) The axial skeleton has 80 bones. b) The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones. c) The axial skeleton is composed of the bones that run through the axis of the body. d) Children have more bones than adults. e) The appendicular skeleton does not include the pelvic and pectoral girdles. Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.1 Describe how the skeleton is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System

3) Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton? a) Hyoid b) Ribs c) Vertebrae

d) Carpals e) Sternum Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.1 Describe how the skeleton is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System

4) Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a) Tarsals b) Tibia c) Sphenoid d) Scapula e) Clavicle Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.1 Describe how the skeleton is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System

Question type: Essay

5) Briefly describe the five categories of bones found in the human body based on the shape of the bones. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.2 Classify bones based on their shape or location. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.2 Types of Bones Solution: The human body contains five types of bones based on shape. Long bones have greater length than width and consist of a shaft and a variable number of extremities. Short bones are somewhat cube-shaped because they are nearly equal in length and width. Flat bones are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bones tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue. Irregular bones have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any of the previous categories. Sesamoid bones develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension and physical stress and are shaped similarly to a sesame seed.

Question type: Multiple Choice

6) Which following types of bone is the occipital bone? a) Long bone b) Short bone c) Flat bone d) Irregular bone e) Sesamoid bone Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.2 Classify bones based on their shape or location. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.2 Types of Bones

7) Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone? a) They allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels. b) They provide sites of attachment for muscles. c) They allow bones to shorten or lengthen. d) They help form joints. e) They can be depressions or projections. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.3 Describe the principal surface markings on bones and the functions of each. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.3 Bone Surface Markings

8) An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a a) fissure. b) foramen. c) fossa. d) meatus. e) sulcus. Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.3 Describe the principal surface markings on bones and the functions of each. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.3 Bone Surface Markings

9) A rounded articular projection supported on a constricted portion (neck) of a bone is called a a) foramen. b) condyle. c) tuberosity. d) head. e) trochanter. Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.3 Describe the principal surface markings on bones and the functions of each. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.3 Bone Surface Markings

10) A prominent ridge or elongated projection on a bone is called a a) crest. b) trochanter. c) sulcus. d) fossa. e) tubercle. Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.3 Describe the principal surface markings on bones and the functions of each. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.3 Bone Surface Markings

11) Bones in the following area protect the brain. a) Cranium b) Vertebral column c) Sacrum d) Face e) Ribcage

Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

12) Which of following facial bones is a single (unpaired) bone in the human skull? a) maxilla b) nasal c) lacrimal d) mandible e) zygomatic Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

13) Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) Parietal b) Nasal c) Maxillae d) Zygomatic e) Palatine Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

14) Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to bones of the skull? a) Some skull bones are covered with a mucous membrane.

b) The only movable bone in the skull is the mandible. c) The bones of the skull contain foramina but no fissures. d) The facial bones provide support for the entrance of the digestive system. e) Some bones of the skull contain sinus cavities. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

15) Which of the listed cranial bones form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor? a) Frontal b) Temporal c) Parietal d) Occipital e) Nasal Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

16) Which of the listed cranial bones contain the organs of hearing and balance, and articulate with the mandible? a) Frontal b) Temporal c) Parietal d) Occipital e) Nasal Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features.

Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

17) Which cranial bone is called the “keystone” of the cranial floor because it articulates with every other cranial bone? a) Occipital b) Frontal c) Ethmoid d) Nasal e) Sphenoid Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

18) Which cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones and contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve? a) Ethmoid b) Frontal c) Palatine d) Maxilla e) Temporal Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

19) Which facial bone articulates with teeth? a) Lacrimal b) Palatine c) Vomer

d) Maxillae e) Nasal Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

20) Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? a) Vomer b) Palatine c) Lacrimal d) Occipital e) Mandible Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

Question type: Essay

21) Briefly describe the bones that make up the orbit of the eye. Include a description of the portion of the orbit formed by each bone. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.1 Name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they are paired or single. Study Objective 3: SO 7.4.3 Identify the location and surface features of the frontal bone. Study Objective 4: SO 7.4.7 Identify the location and surface features of the sphenoid bone. Study Objective 5: SO 7.4.9 Identify the location and surface features of the following bones: nasal, lacrimal, palatine, interior nasal conchae, vomer, maxillae, zygomatic, and mandible Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

Solution: Parts of the frontal and sphenoid bones comprise the roof of the orbit. Parts of the zygomatic and sphenoid bones form the lateral wall of the orbit. Parts of the maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones make up the floor of the orbit. Parts of the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones form the medial wall of the orbit.

22) Briefly describe the location of the four most prominent sutures of the skull including the articulating bones. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.2 Describe the following special features of the skull: sutures, paranasal sinuses, and fontanels. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull Solution: The coronal suture unites the frontal bone and both parietal bones. The sagittal suture unites the two parietal bones on the superior midline of the skull. The lambdoid suture unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone. The squamous sutures unite the parietal and temporal bones on the lateral aspects of the skull.

23) Briefly describe the function of the fontanels. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.2 Describe the following special features of the skull: sutures, paranasal sinuses, and fontanels. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull Solution: The fontanels are important in allowing flexibility during childbirth and allow brain growth after birth.

24) Briefly describe the function of the paranasal sinuses. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.4.2 Describe the following special features of the skull: sutures, paranasal sinuses, and fontanels. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull

Solution: The sinuses lighten the skull and contain a mucous membrane lining that helps moisten and clean inspired air. The sinus also aid in enhancing the quality of the voice by acting as resonating chambers

25) Briefly describe the six fontanels of the infant skull including their location, shape and time of closure. Answer: Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bones and their main features. Learning Objective 2: 7.4.2 Describe the following special features of the skull: sutures, paranasal sinuses, and fontanels. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.4 Skull Solution: The unpaired anterior fontanel is located at the midline between the two parietal bones and the frontal bone. It is roughly diamond shaped and is the largest fontanel. It usually closes 18–24 months after birth. The unpaired posterior fontanel is located at the midline between the two parietal bones and the occipital bone. It is smaller than the anterior fontanel and closes about 2 months after birth. The paired anterolateral fontanels are located laterally between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones and are smaller in shape. They close about 3 months after birth. The paired posterolateral fontanels are located laterally between the parietal, occipital and temporal bones and are irregularly shaped. They begin to close 1 to 2 months after birth, but closure is not complete until 12 months.

Question type: Multiple Choice

26) Which bone of the axial skeleton does NOT articulate with any other bone? a) Vertebrae b) Ethmoid c) Sternum d) Hyoid e) Ilium Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.5 Describe the relationship of the hyoid bon to the skull. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.5 Hyoid Bone

27) The hyoid bone is suspended by ligaments and muscle that extend from the _____ of the temporal bone. a) mastoid process b) styloid process c) occipital condyle d) zygomatic process e) superior nuchal line Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.5 Describe the relationship of the hyoid bone to the skull. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.5 Hyoid Bone

28) Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death? a) Natural causes b) Cardiac arrest c) Gun shot d) Strangulation e) Choking Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.5 Describe the relationship of the hyoid bone to the skull. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.5 Hyoid Bone

Question type: Essay

29) List and describe the number of bones found in all the regions of the adult vertebral column. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.6 Vertebral Column Solution: There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck region. There are twelve thoracic vertebrae posterior to the thoracic cavity. The five lumbar vertebrae support the lower back.

There is one sacrum consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae. There is one coccyx (tail bone) consisting of four fused coccygeal vertebrae.

Question type: Multiple Choice

30) Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called a) floating ribs. b) vertebrochondral ribs. c) false ribs. d) true ribs. e) separated ribs. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.7 Identify the bones of the thorax, including sternum and ribs, and their functions. Study Objective 2: SO 7.7.3 Identify the location and surface features of the ribs. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.M Thoracic Bones—Ribs

31) The tubercle found on the neck of a rib articulates with a facet found on the a) spinous process of a thoracic vertebra. b) spinous process of a lumbar vertebra. c) transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. d) xiphoid process of the sternum. e) manubrium of the sternum. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1:LO 7.7 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column, describing its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.7.3 Identify the location and surface features of the ribs. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.M Thoracic Bones—Ribs

32) What is the purpose of the nucleus pulposus region of intervertebral discs? a) To compress the vertebral bones b) To help absorb vertical shock to the spinal column c) Calcium storage

d) Spinal fluid reservoir e) Muscle attachment Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.6 Vertebral Column

33) The two primary curves of the adult vertebral column are the a) thoracic and sacral curves. b) lumbar and sacral curves. c) cervical and lumbar curves. d) cervical and thoracic curves. e) cervical and sacral curves. Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.6 Vertebral Column

34) What bone marking found on the second cervical vertebra projects superiorly into the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of the atlas? a) Primary projection b) Occular process c) Odontoid process d) Cervical projection e) Cervix Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features.

Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Study Objective 3: SO 7.6.3 Identify the location and surface features of the cervical vertebrae. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.H Vertebral Regions—Cervical Vertebrae

35) Which of the vertebrae listed below would be the largest and strongest vertebra in adult humans? a) C5 b) L4 c) T4 d) C7 e) T12 Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Study Objective 3: SO 7.6.5 Identify the location and surface features of the lumbar vertebrae. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.J Vertebral Regions-Lumbar Vertebrae

36) Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly? a) Females b) Males c) Both genders d) The coccyx does not point inferiorly in either gender Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.6 Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column and describe its structural and functional features. Study Objective 2: SO 7.6.2 Describe the structural and functional features of the bones in various regions of the vertebral column. Study Objective 3: SO 7.6.6 Identify the location and surface features of the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.K Vertebral Regions—Sacral and Coccygeal Vertebrae

37) What is inflammation of one or more costal cartilage called?

a) Costochondritis b) Arthritis c) Cartilaginous distension d) Otitis e) Intercostal space distension Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 7.7 Identify the bones of the thorax, including sternum and ribs, and their functions. Study Objective 2: SO 7.7.3 Identify the location and surface features of the ribs. Section Reference 1: Exhibit 7.M Thoracic Bones—Ribs

38) In the diagram, which bone is the flat bone?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.2 Classify bones based on their shape or location. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.2 Types of Bones

39) In the diagram, which bone is the short bone?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 7.2 Classify bones based on their shape or location. Section Reference 1: Sec 7.2 Types of Bones

40) In the diagram, where is the lacrimal bone?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 7.4 Describe the cranial and facial bo...