Chapter-3 Final - Lecture notes 2 PDF

Preview

Summary

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter describes the methods and procedure that the research will employ in the conduct of the study. This section consists of the research study design, research locale, respondents of the study, research procedure, research instruments, data gathering procedure, and sta...

Description

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methods and procedure that the research will employ in the conduct of the study. This section consists of the research study design, research locale, respondents of the study, research procedure, research instruments, data gathering procedure, and statistical technique of the data. Research Design This study involved a quantitative design to enhance the research and make the study reliable and valid. Quantitative design emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical or numerical analysis of data collected through polls questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computation techniques. The population of the present study were college students in Central Mindanao University. This research study used two research designs or methods which are descriptive research and cross sectional. A descriptive research study that described categories of information such as gender or patterns of interaction by simply recording what is being observed or what is being asked with the specific group that is under the study of the researcher. Descriptive study report summary data such as measures of central tendency included the mean and quantitative description. The cross sectional study includes research or design involved using different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest or depended on the study that was conducted which share other characteristics, such as socioeconomic, educational background and ethnicity. Cross sectional study or design would base on observations that take place in different groups. A cross sectional study may also be used to compare groups from different backgrounds with the use of tools such as

20 questionnaires, etc. The researcher was able to gather the data that was needed for the study or research. Research Locale This research study was conducted at Central Mindanao University, Dologon, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines. Central Mindanao University is a public research university located at the heart of Mindanao Island in Maramag. It is one of the only two state universities in the province of Bukidnon and is one of the top performing universities in the country. Central Mindanao University is composed of nine Colleges which are the College of Agriculture, College of Arts and Sciences, College of Business and Management, College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Forestry and Environmental Science, College of Human Ecology, College of Nursing and College of Veterinary Medicine with more or less ten thousand students (9,000) and about 300 faculty and staff. Musuan Peak is one of its important landmarks. The students who are studying in the said University are coming from the different parts of the country, with different beliefs, culture and tradition.

Figure 5. Map of Central Mindanao University

21 Research Respondents The respondents of this research study were the students of Central Mindanao University Musuan, Maramag Bukidnon Philippines, in the academic year 2018-2019 first semester. The respondents were the senior students from the different colleges. The College of Agriculture, College of Arts and Sciences, College of Business and Management, College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Forestry and Environmental Science, College of Human Ecology, College of Nursing and College of Veterinary Medicine. Moreover, the data from the senior high school and students who are taking masters were not included in this study. Sampling Design In each college, a complete number of senior students was acquired from the University Registrar for the first semester of the school year 20182019. The number of respondents was determined through Slovin’s formula. The researcher then used the non-probability type of sampling, specifically the snowball sampling. Snowball sampling is when research respondents would recruit other respondents. Snowball sampling would identify more the potential subjects and ask those subjects to recruit other people. The respondents were informed that they do not have to provide the names of their recruits. This type of method gave the researcher convenience and saved more of her time.

22 Table 3.1 Summary of Respondents per College COLLEGE

POPULATION

College of Agriculture

SENIOR STUDENTS 813

College

of

OF SAMPLE DRAWN 52

Human

293

19

Ecology College of Forestry and

130

8

Environmental Science College of Nursing

44

3

College of Engineering College of Business

249 340

16 22

and Management College of Veterinary

68

4

Medicine College of Education College of Arts and

418 236

27 15

Sciences

Ethical Consideration This research study prioritized the respondents’ data or the information that was gathered and with that, confidentiality was strictly applied and followed. First and foremost, research respondents were not forced to participate in this research study. Before the questionnaire was introduced, the researcher gave the purpose of the study to the respondents and they could withdraw or stop if they want to. Full consent was given before starting the distribution of the questionnaire; the respondent has understood his or her rights. The researcher also emphasized anonymity or confidentiality. Foul words or terms were avoided, and respect was given. This study was about the knowledge, attitude, and practices of selfmediation among the students. There are a lot of factors that were considered upon the conduct of this research study such as, the

23 respondent’s reactions or response and if there are rules that have been affected. The researcher also considered their culture and beliefs. This research study also asked permission and cooperation of the Ethical Committee to make sure that there will be no violation with regards to ethics of this university. This study would be used to improve the health care system and health promotion. This research study proposal was reviewed by a technical panel. The presence of the permissions was upheld. The respondents have been entitled to their consent. The researcher did her best in conveying to the respondents that gathered data was only utilized for research purposes. Data Gathering Procedure Before the conduct of the pilot study, the necessary consent and permissions were obtained from the dean of the respective colleges and the office of the Dean of the College of Nursing in Central Mindanao University to consider ethical issues. After obtaining consents and permissions, the questionnaires were floated out to the selected participants and they were given 10 minutes to answer the questions. The data gathering served as a basis for further enhancing the research tool and served as to test its validity and reliability. The same procedure was followed in conducting the final study with the senior students. Research Instrument The instrument that the researcher used was a questionnaire that helped the researcher to gather data in response to the specific information related to the study. The research instrument that was utilized in this study was Raj Kumar Mehta and Sujata Sharma’s tool in 2015 and was modified with the given permission. The questionnaire was composed of four parts which was a modified version of the questionnaire that was adapted. Part I of the questionnaire identified the participant’s demographic profile. Part II consisted of questions that determined the level of knowledge on selfmedication. Part III comprised of questions that identified the level of

24 attitude towards self-medication. Lastly, Part IV consisted of questions that determined the level practice of self-medication and was categorized into five parts: Immediate response when sick, indications/symptoms for selfmedication, medications usually used for self-medication, usual reason in favor of self-medication, factors in choosing the medication used for self-medication. The questionnaire was pilot tested to 10 senior students of Central Mindanao University regardless of their colleges. Validity and Reliability A modified questionnaire which was submitted and corrected by the research adviser was administered to the respondents. The effectiveness of the questionnaire was determined by subjecting the questionnaire to a pilot study. The reliability of the tool was measured after the pilot study using the Cronbach’s Alpha. For the Knowledge and Attitude, the Cronbach’s Alpha results were 0.704 and 0.752 and the reliability interpretation was reliable. For the Practices, the Cronbach’s Alpha result was 0.834 and the reliability interpretation for this was highly reliable. Table 3.2 Cronbach’s Alpha of Pilot Study Reliability

of No. of items

Coefficients Knowledge Attitude Practices

9 6 26

Cronbach’s

Reliability

alpha 0.704 0.752 0.834

Interpretation Reliable Reliable Highly Reliable

Scoring Procedure In this study, the researcher used the Likert-Type score to measure the responses of the respondents. The result was computed and interpreted based on the rating scale below.

25 Table 3.3 Response Scale for the Level of Knowledge on Selfmedication among the Students Point Value

Description

Rating scale

4 3

Always Sometimes

3.5-4 2.5-3.49

2

Rarely

1.5-2.49

1

Never

1-1.49

Indicators Highly Knowledgeable Knowledgeable Slightly Knowledgeable Poorly Knowledgeable

Table 3.4 Response Scale for the Level of Attitude towards Selfmedication among the students Point Value

Description

Rating scale

4

Always

3.5-4

Indicators Highly Positive Attitude

3 2 1

Sometimes Rarely Never

2.5-3.49 1.5-2.49 1-1.49

Positive attitude Slightly Positive Negative attitude

Table 3.5 Response Scale for the Level of Practice of Self-medication among the Students Point Value

Description

Rating scale

4

Always

3.5-4

3

Sometimes

2.5-3.49

2

Rarely

1.5-2.49

1

Never

1-1.49

Indicators Highly Practicing self-medication Practicing selfmedication Slightly Practicing self-medication Not practicing selfmedication

Statistical Treatment The data that were gathered from the respondents was first coded base on the coding manual developed for the questionnaire. Coded raw data was then encoded in data processing software for tabulation and analysis. Different statistical tools were used in the data analysis.

26 Slovin’s formula was used to calculate the sample size (n) given the population size (N) and a margin of error (e). It is computed as n=N/ (1+Ne2). Problem 1. Two statistical tools were used in this problem. Frequency counts and percentages were used to compute the categorical variables such as sex and college. Problem 2, 3, and 4. Two statistical tools were used in these problems. Weighted average and its quantitative description were used to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of self-medication among the students who are studying at Central Mindanao University. The results were also ranked. Problem 5. Two statistical tools were used in this problem. T Test was used to Identify if there is a significant difference between knowledge, attitude, and practices when grouped according to sex. ANOVA was used to identify if there is a significant difference between knowledge, attitude, and practices when grouped according to college....