Chapter 3 Textbook notes PDF

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MANAGING AND USING DATA DATA, INFO, AND KNOWLEDGE -

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Explicit knowledge o Readily codified, such as a textbook Tacit knowledge o Gain through experience, insight, etc. Discovery o Finding of data, info, knowledge relevant to a task, problem, issue, or opportunity Analysis o Breaking down the whole in more parts  Process mapping  Quality assurance  Performance testing Transformation o Knowledge work that requires you to use the results of your analysis to deepen understanding of data and info  If courses a grouped by subject, it is transformed into info that help you  Or, by a graph/figure from a textbook Synthesis o Interpret trends or patterns that explain a course of action o Need to know what parts to combine and when to create higher total value than the parts themselves Communication o Ability to share ideas, analyses, solutions  Customers or employees o Companies can use info systems to help Table 3.1 (pg 98) Examples of Knowledge Work Activities

DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING -

Rational decision o Choice made about what actions you’ll take after analyzing consequences of each option  Classifying Decisions by Type

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Structured Decision o One that can be programmed  It is routine, repetitive Semi Structured Decision

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o Some uncertainty, interests may be involved Unstructured decisions o Complex situation, not made often, usually by executives Table 3.2 (pg. 102) Decision Making Process: o Engage in discovery, analysis, transformation, etc. o Figure 3.4 Selection Criteria o Factors you think are important and relevant to solving a problem o Before you rank solutions, need to rank criteria IADD (Investigate, Analyze, Do, Decide) o Model for problem solving Three decisions organizations make o Tactical Decisions  Made by the person doing actual work, based on guidelines  Systems may not be useful  Not complex enough yet o Operational Decisions  Analysis overall systems (like delivery company)  Patterns, vendor, product types, date ranges  Might save money through it o Strategic Decisions  Executives face it  New ways of marketing or shipping  Considers info from internal and external sources DBMS (Data base management systems) o Collection of software that allows users to create and work with a database SQL (structured query language) DBA (Database Admin) o Use tools in the DBMS to do their work

DATABASES: THE PRIMARY DATA STORAGE FOR ORGANIZATIONS -

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Database: interrelated data that are storied in files and in a pc Data Hierarchy o Figure 3.6 (pg. 107) o Lowest level = binary, 101010  then a character (ASCII) Using a database system to organize data is useful: o Independent of anyone one software application, allows all to access data o Reduces data redundancy

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o Can include features for maintaining the quality of the data, handing security, and syncing access by users o Allows for improved access, allowing different views of data for diff users Relational Data Model o Logically organizing data in a database that was independent of the method used to physically store data o Stores info about entities o Now called RDBMS (relational database management systems) o Key (student number) o Foreign Key (student name) Data modelling o Process of analyzing the data required by the processes of an organization to support it both operationally and strategically o Entity-Relationship Diagram and Logical Data Model  Most common  LDL focuses on documenting  ERD is a high level view o Data Flow Diagram  Traditional model to depict how data movies  Figure 3.11 (pg. 111)  1) external entities that send input or receive output  2) processes that show activities that move  3) data stores that correspond to data  4) data flows that connects components

 Storing and Accessing Data, Info, and Knowledge

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Data Warehouse o Means of storing and managing data for info o Consists of transaction data o Table 3.4 o 4 reasons to use it:  1) automatic production of stand reports  2) queries against summary or detailed data  3) data mining in detailed data  4) interfacing with other applications and data stores Data market o Extracts and reorganizes subject-area-specific data to allow focus on specific subject areas

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE -

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Gaining competitive advantage through intelligent use of data and info in decision making Table 3.5 (pg. 114) DSS ( Decision Support Systems) o Helps businesses use communication tech models to organize data to perform decisions o 5 types (table 3.6, pg. 115) Knowledge Management Systems o Knowledge is most difficult to store and share  Explicit knowledge is easy  Tacit knowledge hard,  Relies on collaborative software so employees can communicate o “groupware” Management Info and Document Management Systems o 3 reports:  Periodic reports (monthly sales, etc.)  Exception reports (when, why exceptions occur of key values)  Demand reports (based on user requests) o EIS (Executive info systems)  Summary info about performances Dashboard o Provides critical info to business users at a glance o Balanced Scorecard  Popular  Projections of finances, customer relations, internal processes, learning and growth o Visual Analytics  Extends a dashboard by seeing data in depth ...