Chapter 31-36 - Lecture notes 7-8 PDF

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Understanding Electrolytes...

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Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders Hyperchloremia: serum chloride level is higher than 107 mEq/liter Hypernatremia: serum sodium concentration higher than 145 mEq/liter Homeostasis is the constancy of body fluid and electrolyte levels. The body input of water and electrolytes must be balanced by output. The imbalance means that both the total volume of water and level of electrolytes in the body in more than one compartments have increased or decreased outside of normal limits. Positively charged electrolytes= cations; Negatively charged ions= anions Electrolytes are the only bonds that are measured in mEq includes sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium. Circulate in the blood at specific levels when needed by cells Imbalance of electrolytes can cause a serious disease that requires treatmnt Essential to nerve conduction, muscle contraction, bone growth Sodium is a major positive cation in fluid outside of cells. Regulates the total amount of water in the body,transmit sodium in/out of cells Too much or too little can cause cells to malfunction and extremes can be fatal Excess sodium is excreted in the urine but, causes HTN and CVD Potassium is a major cation found inside of cells. Regulation of the heartbeat and muscles Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia affect the nervous system and increases the chance of irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) can be fatal Chloride is the major anion that is found in the fluid outside of cells and in blood Seawater has about the same concentration of chloride ion in human fluids Significant increases or declines in chloride can have deleterious or fatal consequences; helps maintain normal fluid balance Bicarbonate anion acts as a buffer to maintain the normal levels of acidity in blood/fluids The acidity is affected by foods or medications that we ingest and the function of the kidneys and lungs The normal serum range for bicarbonate is 22 to 30 mmol/liter; concentration of carbon dioxide

Magnesium is the 4th most common cation in the body;...