Chapter 37 - Community Ecology PDF

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5/17/2017

Chapter37CommunityEcology

Chapter37CommunityEcology Due:11:59pmonWednesday,May24,2017 Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion1 PartA Whichoftheseresearchtopicswouldbeconsideredanexampleofcommunityecology?

Hint1. Considerthedefinitionofabiologicalcommunity. ANSWER: Anagriculturalecologistinvestigatedtheeffectoffertilizersoncorncropyields. AgraduatestudentcollectedinformationabouttheagestructureoftheblackbearpopulationinWisconsin. Aresearcherfoundthatthereproductivesuccessofbumblebeesdecreasedwhenthepopulationdensityof honeybeesincreased.Thedeclineinthenumberofbumblebeesappearedtobearesultofcompetitionfor nectar. ScientistsstudyingtheAmericanbullfroghavereportedthatthelongerabullfrogremainsinthetadpolestage, thegreaterthechanceofitssurvivalonceitundergoesmetamorphosis.

Correct Thisisanexampleofastudyofinteractionsbetweenpopulations,whichispartofcommunityecology.

Chapter37Question1MultipleChoice

PartA Acommunityiscomposedof ANSWER: onespeciesoforganismlivinginaspecificenvironmentonEarth. potentiallyinteractingpopulationsofdifferentkindsoforganisms. livingorganismsandtheirnonlivingenvironment. thefactorsthatconstituteanorganism'sniche.

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Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion2 PartA Intropicalforests,thereareplantsknownasantplants.Theseplantshostantcolonies.Whentheantcolonyisthe speciesPetalomyrmexphylax,thepresenceoftheantsprotectstheantplantsfrompredationbyherbivores.However,th antspeciesCataulacusmckeyitakesadvantageofthenestingplaceandnectartheplantsprovidewithoutaffordingany protectiontotheplant.TheinterspeciesinteractionbetweentheantplantsandP.phylaxisanexampleof_____whereas theinteractionbetweentheantplantsandC.mckeyiisanexampleof_____.

Hint1. RefertoTable37.2inthetextbook. ANSWER: competition...parasitism mutualism...parasitism herbivory...predation mutualism...competition

Correct TherelationshipbetweenP.phylaxandtheantplantsbenefitsbothpopulations.TherelationshipbetweenC.mckeyi andtheantplantsfitsthedefinitionofparasitismbecauseC.mckeyilivesinthehostplantsfromwhichitobtains nourishment.

Chapter37Question3MultipleChoice

PartA Anowlandahawkbotheatmice.Whichofthesedescribestherelationshipbetweenahawkandanowl? ANSWER:

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competition predation parasitism mutualism

Correct

Chapter37Question4MultipleChoice

PartA Whentwodifferentpopulationsinacommunitybenefitfromtheirrelationshipwitheachother,theresultiscalled ANSWER: mutualism. benefism. parasitism. competition.

Correct

Chapter37Question7MultipleChoice

PartA Thesumtotalofapopulation'suseofthebioticandabioticresourcesofitshabitatconstitutesits ANSWER: niche. evolution. environment. range.

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Correct

Chapter37Question8MultipleChoice

PartA Inanecosystem,youwouldexpecttofindinterspecificcompetitionbetween ANSWER: apreyspeciesanditspredator. twowaspspeciesthatmimiceachother'sappearance. populationsoftwospeciesthatoccupythesameniche. malesandfemalesofaspeciesinwhichbothsexesoccupythesameniche.

Correct

Chapter37Question9MultipleChoice

PartA Ifanoverlapdevelopsbetweentherangesoftwocloselyrelatedspecies,andifthespeciesoccupythesamenicheinthe zoneofoverlap,whatwillprobablyhappeninthezoneofoverlap? ANSWER: Anewspecieswillarisebyhybridization. Bothspecieswillcoexist,providedtheenvironmentinthezoneofoverlapisdifferentfromthatineither individualrange. Bothspecieswillcoexist,providedtheenvironmentinthezoneofoverlapissimilartothatofoneofthe individualranges. Onespecieswilltakeovermostorallofthezoneofoverlap.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion4 https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560878

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PartA Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofmutualism?

Hint1. Inamutualisticrelationship,twospecieslivecloselytogetherandbenefiteachother. ANSWER: OnthebirdfeedersofmanyresidentsofsouthernIllinois,peoplecanwatchthefoxsquirrelsandgraysquirrels fightwitheachotherforthebirdseed,whilethebirdsgetscaredawaybytheactivity! Twistingaboutlikeahighflyingacrobat,thegrayflycatcherplucksmothsfromtheair. SomebiologistshaveobservedEgyptianploverbirdslandontheopenmouthofaNilecrocodilewithoutbeing eatenandremoveleechesstuckfirmlytothecrocodile'sgums. Scratchingwithgreatvigor,thepoorchipmunktriedtoknockloosethetickstuckfirmlytoitsear.

Correct Inamutualisticrelationship,twospecieslivecloselytogetherandbenefiteachother.

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion5 PartA Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofpredation?

Hint1. Inpredation,onespecieskillsandeatsanotherspecies. ANSWER: Duringlongmigrationsinthefall,hugeflocksofgeeseseekoutandsettleinrecentlyharvestedcornfields, feedingongrainleftscatteredaftertheharvest. Feedingprimarilyonthesametypesofalgaeinsmallponds,thetadpolesofwoodfrogsandleopardfrogs competewitheachotherformeals. Losingweightquicklyandwithoutmuchenergy,Hankwenttoseehisdoctor.Afteraseriesoftests,she diagnosedtheproblem.Hankhadatapeworm. SeaanemonescoatingtheshallowwatercoralreefsinAustraliafeedonfishandshrimpthatwandertooclose totheirtentacles.

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Correct Thisisanexampleofpredation,inwhichonespecieskillsandeatsanotherspecies.

Chapter37Question11MultipleChoice

PartA Camouflagetypicallyevolvesasaresultof ANSWER: predation. herbivory. interspecificcompetition. mutualism.

Correct

Chapter37Question12MultipleChoice

PartA Onemechanismthatpreypopulationsevolvetoavoidpredationis ANSWER: developmentofashortgestationperiod. chemicaldefenses. secretionofenzymesthatbreakdowntoxicplantcompounds. secretionofdigestiveenzymesthathydrolyzeglucose.

Correct

Chapter37Question13MultipleChoice

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PartA Someherbivoreplantinteractionsevolvedthroughaseriesofreciprocalevolutionaryadaptationsinbothspecies.The processiscalled ANSWER: selection. coevolution. trophism. herbivory.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion6 PartA Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofherbivory?

Hint1. Duringherbivory,ananimalfeedsonplantmaterial.

ANSWER: Nitrogenfixingbacteriahelpsomelegumesgrowmuchfasterthanifthebacteriawereabsent. TherecentspreadofWestNilevirushasresultedfrommosquitoesthatfeedonthebloodofinfectedbirds. Inearlyspring,ararewarblerreturnstosouthernOntariotoreproduce.However,thisrarewarblerstrugglesto findsuitablenestingcavitiesintreesbecausethesesamelocationsareusedbytreeswallowsandhouse wrens. SquirrelsintheforestsofWisconsinhideawayhickorynutsandacorns,whichtheywilleatduringthelong, coldwinter.

Correct Inherbivory,ananimalfeedsonpartsofaplant.

Chapter37Question14MultipleChoice

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PartA Mostplantshaveavarietyofchemicals,spines,andthornsbecausetheplants ANSWER: cannotrunawayfromherbivores. arerelyinguponBatesianmimicry. arecamouflagedintotheirsurroundings. feedontheorganismsthattrytoeatthem.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion8 PartA Considerthefollowingprairiefoodchain.Tallgrassisconsumedbygrasshoppersthat,inturn,areeatenbymice,andthe miceareeatenbyprairiekingsnakes.Redtailedhawkspreyonmiceandprairiekingsnakes.Whenaredtailedhawkdies bacteria,beetles,fungi,andmanytypesofwormshelpbreakdownthebody.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesa trophiclevelinthisecosystem?

Hint1. Tertiaryconsumerseatsecondaryconsumers,whichinturneatprimaryconsumers.

ANSWER: Thewormsareprimaryproducers. Thetallgrassisadecomposer. Grasshoppersareprimaryconsumers. Theredtailedhawkisasecondaryconsumer.

Correct Grasshoppersareprimaryconsumers.

Chapter37Question1Art

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Whichtrophiclevelinthisfoodchainrepresentsthesecondaryconsumer?

ANSWER: trophiclevelA trophiclevelB trophiclevelC trophiclevelD

Correct

Chapter37Question18MultipleChoice

PartA OnEarth,mostorganicmoleculesareproducedby https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560878

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ANSWER: photosynthesis. glycolysis. cellularrespiration. hydrolysis.

Correct

Chapter37Question20MultipleChoice

PartA AhypotheticalcommunityonabarrenmidAtlanticislandconsistsoftwofisheatingseabirds(theboobyandthenoddy), thefungiandmicroorganismsthatliveonthebirds'dung,atickthatfeedsonthesetwobirds,acactus,amoththatfeeds oncastofffeathers,abeetlethatlivesondungorganisms,andspidersthateattheotherarthropods.Therearenoother plantsandnolichens.Whichofthefollowingchoicesincorrectlypairsamemberofthisassemblagewithitspositioninthe trophicstructure? ANSWER: cactus,producer booby,primaryconsumer fungi,detritivores moth,detritivore

Correct

Chapter37Question21MultipleChoice

PartA Inafoodchainconsistingofphytoplankton→zooplankton→fish→fishermen,thefishermenare ANSWER:

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quaternaryconsumers secondaryproducers. secondaryconsumers. tertiaryconsumers.

Correct

Chapter37Question23MultipleChoice

PartA Inacertainecosystem,fieldmicearepreyedonbysnakesandhawks.Theentryofwilddogsintothesystemadds anotherpredatorofthemice.Ofthefollowing,themostlikelyshorttermresultofthisadditionis ANSWER: migrationofthehawkstoanotherecosystem. anincreaseinsnakepopulation. areductioninnumbersofmice. atendencyforhawkstopreyonthedogs.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion9 PartA ExamineFigure37.9inyourtextbook,whichshowsafoodweb.Ifthesnakepopulationweresuddenlyreducedbecauseo avirusthatkillsonlysnakes,wewouldexpectthatthepopulationof_____.

Hint1. Considerthepopulationsthatareindirectlyaffectedbythesnakes. ANSWER:

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hawkswouldincreasedramatically owlswoulddecrease micewoulddecrease cactiwouldsufferfromincreasedherbivory

Correct Withoutthesnakestokeepmice,squirrels,andotherherbivoresincheck,therewouldbemanymoreherbivores feedingonthearea's plantpopulations.

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion10 PartA Whichofthefollowingrepresentsacommunitywiththegreatestspeciesrichness?

Hint1. Speciesrichnessandrelativeabundanceareusedtomeasurespeciesdiversity. ANSWER: aplantcommunitywith12differentspecies,inwhicheachspeciesconsistsofonlyabout100plants aplantcommunitywithfourdifferentspecies,eachconsistingofabout2,000plants aplantcommunitywithsevendifferentspeciestwospecieseachconsistingofabout10,000plantsandfive otherspeciesconsistingofabout200plantseach aplantcommunitywithfourdifferentspecies,eachconsistingofabout500plants

Correct Thiscommunityhasthegreatestnumberofspecies,thefactorthatdeterminesspeciesrichness.

Chapter37Question25MultipleChoice

PartA Thenumberofspeciesinacommunityiscalledthe ANSWER:

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speciesrichness. speciesindex. speciespopulation. speciesdiversity.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion11 PartA Withoutelephants,someofthegrasslandsinAfricawouldeventuallybecomethicketsorforestsbecauseelephantsweed outtreesandshrubs.Eventhoughelephantsmakeupasmallpercentageoftheanimalslivingonthegrassland,the grasslandwouldeventuallyceasetoexistwithoutthem.Inthiscommunity,elephantsare_____.

Hint1. Theanswertothisquestiondescribesaspeciesthathasgreaterimpactonthecommunitythanwouldbeexpected basedonitsrelativeabundanceortotalbiomass. ANSWER: thedominantspecies apioneerspecies akeystonespecies aninvasivespecies

Correct Akeystonespeciesisaspeciesthathasagreaterimpactonthecommunitythanwouldbeexpectedbasedonits relativeabundanceortotalbiomass.

Chapter37Question28MultipleChoice

PartA WhenaNewEnglandfarmisabandoned,itsformerlyplowedfieldsfirstbecomeweedymeadows,thenshrubbyareas,and finallyforest.Thissequenceofplantcommunitiesisanexampleof ANSWER: https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?displayMode=studentView&assignmentID=5560878

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secondarysuccession. primarysuccession. evolution. atrophicchain.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion15 PartA Whatgenerallyflowsinonedirectionthroughanecosystem,fromproducersupthrougheachlevelofconsumers,andis notrecycled?

Hint1. Itfirstentersanecosysteminsunlight. ANSWER: sunlight energy carbon water

Correct Energygenerallyflowsinonedirectionthroughanecosystem,fromproducersupthrougheachlevelofconsumers.At eachstep,someenergyisreleasedasheatandislostfromtheecosystem.

Chapter37Question31MultipleChoice

PartA Theflowof________intoecosystemsoccursinonedirectiononly,while________arerecycledwithintheecosystem itself. ANSWER:

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energy...chemicals geneticinformation...genotypes minerals...energycompounds organiccompounds...minerals

Correct

Chapter37Question32MultipleChoice

PartA Whichofthefollowingprocessesdoesnotoccurinecosystems? ANSWER: Energyflowsthroughthesystem. Theenergysourcethatpowersthesystemisusedbyconsumerstomakeorganiccompounds. Carboniscycledbetweenbioticandabioticforms. Producersconvertlightenergytochemicalenergy.

Correct

Chapter37Question33MultipleChoice

PartA Abiologyteachertakesfish,algae,pondweed,invertebrates,andbottommuckfromalocalpondandestablishesthemin anaquarium.Whenthesystemisstable,theteachersealsitintoalarge,airtightglassboxandleavestheboxinasunny location.Afterthreemonths,theorganismsintheaquariumappearaliveandhealthy.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheexperimentistrue? ANSWER:

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Duringthethreemonths,thebiomassofanimallifewasgreaterthanthebiomassofplantlife. Noenergyhasenteredorlefttheglassboxduringthethreemonths. Theairintheglassboxcontainsnocarbondioxide. Someoftheenergyinthesystemhasmovedfromoneorganismtoanotherduringthethreemonths.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion16 PartA Whichofthefollowingecosystemswouldprobablyhavethehighestprimaryproductivity?Assumethatwearecomparing similarsizesofeachecosystem.

Hint1. Primaryproductivityistiedtothetotalamountofsolarradiationreceivedbyanecosystem,availableplant nutrients,andamountofliquidwater. ANSWER: theopenocean atropicalcoralreef anecosystemwithonlyprimaryconsumers adesertenvironment

Correct Atropicalcoralreefsystemexposesmanyprimaryproducerstohighlevelsofsunlightthroughouttheyear.This opportunityforextendedphotosynthesisgeneratestremendousbiomass.

Chapter37Question34MultipleChoice

PartA Foragivenareaandtimeperiod,theamountofsolarenergyconvertedtochemicalenergyinorganiccompoundsiscalled ANSWER:

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primarysuccession. secondaryproduction. primaryproduction. secondarysuccession.

Correct

Chapter37KeyConceptQuizQuestion17 PartA Inanecosystemwhere500,000kcalofsunlightisavailableforproducers,approximatelyhowmuchchemicalenergywill becontainedinsecondaryconsumers?

Hint1. Rememberthereasonwhyeatingplantsismoreefficientthaneatingmeat. ANS...