Chapter 4 Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice PDF

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first 3 lecture notes...

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Vocabulary: Domain: the perspective of a profession Paradigm: a pattern of thought that is useful in describing the domain of a discipline Nursing paradigm: directs the activity of the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory, educational experience, research, and practice Nursing process: method of applying the theory or knowledge The Domain of Nursing ● Provides the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and central problems of a discipline ● The domain of nursing provides both practical and theoretical aspects of the discipline Nursing Paradigm Person: the recipient of nursing care Includes the patient, groups, families, and communities Health: has a different meaning for each person oThe goal is to provide the best possible care based on the patient’s level of health and health care needs at the time of delivery Nursing: the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems Integration of theory and nursing process is the basis of professional nursing Theory: contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenonTheories guide the design of nursing interventions Nursing theory: oA conceptualization of some aspect of nursing oDescribes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care Grand Theory:Broad in scope, complex, and require specification Middle-Range theory: More limited in scope and less abstract Descriptive theory:Describe a phenomenon, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the consequences of phenomena Prescriptive Theory: Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, and predict the consequence of a specific nursing intervention Theory Based nursing: Theories: oGenerate nursing knowledge for use in practice oCan direct how to use the nursing process oAre adaptable to different patients and all healthcare settings ● The goal of nursing knowledge is to explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology, and other healthcare disciplines Interdisciplinary theories: explain systemic views of phenomena specific to the discipline of

inquiry Basic human needs: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,Includes 5 levels of needs oPhysiologic needs (air, water, water, and food) Developmental theories: human growth and development are orderly predictive Psychosocial: Explain and/ or predict patient responses -Kubler-Ross stages of Dying Systems: Closed-systems: thermodynamics Nursing Theory oSafety and security needs (physical and psychological security) oLove and belonging needs (friendship, social relationships, and sexual love) oEsteem and self-esteem needs (self-confidence, usefulness, achievement, and self-worth) oSelf-actualization (the state of fully achieving potential and having the ability to solve problems and cope realistically with situations of life) processes Piaget: describes and predicts behavior and development at various phases of the life continuum The link between theory and knowledge development: ● Nursing knowledge is theoretical and practical ● Goal of theoretical knowledge: to stimulate thinking and create a broad understanding of the “science” and practices of the nursing discipline ● Experimental knowledge (The “art” of nursing): based on nurses’ experiences in providing care to patients ● Theories provide direction for nursing researchNursing theory and nursing research build the knowledge base for nursing, which is then applied to practice ● Theory-generating or theory-testing research refines the knowledge base of nursing ● Nurses incorporate research-based interventions into theory based practice Selected Nursing Theories: Theorists

Goal of nursing

Nightingale (mid1800s)Descriptive theory

Facilitate the reparative process of the body by manipulating the patient’s environment

Framework of Practice...