Chapter 44 HW Responses Haz MAT PDF

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Hazardous Materials...

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Gina Alaniz EMS 111 Mike Smith 05/20/2021 Chapter 44 HW Responses: Hazardous Materials 1) What is a hazardous material? It’s a material that in any quantity, poses a threat or unreasonable risk to life, health, or property if not properly controlled during manufacture, processing, packaging, handling, storage, transportation, use, and disposal. Hazardous materials include chemicals, wastes, and other dangerous products. The principal dangers hazardous materials present are toxicity, flammability, and reactivity. 2) List the 9 classes of hazardous materials along with 2 examples of each category. •

Explosives; such as TNT and Ammo

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Toxic and flammables gases; like Chlorine and ammonia

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Flammable and combustible liquids, like Gasoline and Acetone

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Flammable solids, dangerous when wet, spontaneously combustible; such as Phosphorous and Magnesium

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Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides like, Lithium and Peroxide

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Toxic and infectious substances; etc. Cyanide and Arsenic

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Radioactive Materials like Plutonium and Cobalt

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Corrosive substances such as, Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid

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Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials; like consumer commodity and other materials that are as permitted in 349.

3) Define TRACEM and spell out the mnemonic ( what does each letter stand for)? TRACEM describes the hazardous material types. T; Thermal: Heat sources, burning, radiant heat R; Radiological: Nuclear fuels and by products, nuclear bombs A; Asphyxiation: Lack of O2 due to chemical vapors, heavy gases C; Chemical: Toxic or corrosive materials E: Etiological: Biological hazards M; Mechanical: Trauma from bullets, shrapnel, and so on. 4) What does each portion of the NFPA 704 classification square stand for and list the 4-0 levels. •

The blue portion is a gauge of health hazard: 4- Can be lethal 3- Serious or permanent injury 2-Temporary incapacitation or residual injury 1-Significant Irritation 0-No hazard beyond ordinary combustibles

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The red portion is fire hazard: 4- Rapidly or completely vaporize and burn readily 3- Ignite readily in ambient conditions 2- Ignite when moderately heated 1-Require preheating for ignition

0-Will not burn under normal fire conditions. •

The yellow portion is reactivity hazard: 4- May detonate or have explosive reaction 3-Shock and heat may detonate or cause explosive reaction 2-Violent chemical change at elevated temperatures 1-Unstable if heated 0-Normally stable

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The white portion is for special hazards: -Oxidizers -Water reactives -Simple Asphyxiants

5) What is CHEMTREC and how can it be used? CHEMTREC is a public service division of the Chemical Manufacturer’s Association and another important resource. Officials at CHEMTREC can answer any question and advise you on how to handle any emergency involving hazardous materials. They can locate the shipper of the hazardous materials for appropriate follow-up. You can reach the CHEMTREC emergency response line 24/7 by calling it’s toll free number at 1(800)-424-9300. 6)List and define the 4 levels of Hazmat training. * First Responder Awareness: This level is for those who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous materials emergency. They are trained to recognize a problem but are not expected to take any action other than call for proper resources and prevent others from entering the scene. This level of training is commonly required for all operating EMT’s.

* First Responder’s Operations: This level of training is for those who initially respond to hazardous materials emergencies to protect people, property, and the environment. They are trained in the use of specialized personal protective equipment and help to stop the emergency from spreading. * Hazardous Materials Technician: This extensive level of training is for rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material. * Hazardous Materials Specialist: Rescuers with this training have advanced knowledge and skills. They provide command and support activities at the site of a hazardous materials emergency. 7) What is decontamination and what is the role of EMS in decontamination? Decontamination is the removal of hazardous substances from exposed individuals to the extent necessary to prevent the occurrence of foreseeable adverse harm. We need to be familiar with decontamination procedures so that we can support any medical response to a hazardous materials incident. However, unless specifically trained to the hazardous materials operations level, an EMT is not expected to take part in decontamination procedures. 8) List and define the 3 Safety Zones of a Hazmat Incident. * Hot (Contamination) Zone: Contamination is usually present. Personnel must wear appropriate protective gear. Number of rescuers limited to those absolutely necessary. Bystanders never allowed.

* Warm (Control) Zone: Area surrounding the contamination zone. Vital to preventing spread of contamination. Personnel must wear appropriate protective gear. Lifesaving emergency care is performed. * Cold (Safe) Zone: Normal triage, stabilization, and treatment performed. Rescuers must shed contaminated gear before entering the cold zone. 9) What is the difference between radiation exposure and contamination? Exposure occurs when the patient is in the presence of radioactive material without any of the radioactive material touching their clothing or body. The exposure they receive can be harmful to them, but the patient doesn’t become radioactive and doesn’t pose any threat to rescue personnel. (However, that the source of the radioactivity can pose a threat to rescuers who come close enough to it.) Contamination occurs when the patient has come into direct contact with the source of radioactivity or with radioactive gases, liquids, or particles. The radioactive material is present on the patient’s clothes or skin, which poses a hazard for the rescuer as well as the patient. The contaminated patient is considered a risk to emergency personnel. 10) List and describe the factors involved in radiation exposure/ damage. * Time: The less time spent near the radiation source, the less radiation exposure. * Distance: The farther you are from the radiation source, the lower the radiation dose. * Shielding: The denser the material between you and the radiation source, the greater the protection. SCBA and protective clothing or simple examination gloves might be all that is

required to adequately shield yourself from the radiation. In some cases, lead shields are required. Increasing the time and distance factors can reduce the amount of shielding needed. * Quantity: Decreasing the amount of radioactive material in the area can decrease exposure. Remove the patient from the radioactive material or remove the radioactive material from the patient....