Chapter 6 Spanish ERA PDF

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CAT 6: SAS ASPANISH ERA (1521 – 1898)What kinds of art developed during Spanish Colonization?Art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the colonial order at the same time. Religious orders were dispatched to convert the natives to Catholicism as pa...

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CAT 6: SAS A SPANISH ERA (1521 – 1898) What kinds of art developed during Spanish Colonization? Art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the colonial order at the same time. Religious orders were dispatched to convert the natives to Catholicism as part of the larger project culturally as religious art, lowland Christian art or folk art. During this period, cruciform churches following the shape of the latin cross were built. In keeping with the prevailing, they were characterized by grandeur, drama, and elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions. The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the construction of thick buttresses or wing-like projections reinforce the church structure to make it more resistant to earthquakes. In other words, the result is a fusion of both

● Western musical instruments were introduced, pipe organ, violin, guitar, and piano ● Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742 Choral music to boys were introduced and created the first Filipino composers named Marcelo Adonay (1848 – 1928) ● Musical forms based on Catholic faith have emerged in the Pasyon – the biblical of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvise melody. ● Secular music was formed; the awit and the corridor – these were the two musical forms based on European literature and history. ● Kundiman became a vehicle for conflict – the lyrics were that of unrequited love, except that the love object was the Philippines who would be cleverly concealed as a beautiful woman. ● Mangyans made the baybayin script made of bamboo poles cut into

native and European elements,

smaller nodes that are carved used

prompting some art historians to refer

to compose short poems, expressing

to the style as colonial baroque or

one’s feelings and other emotional

Philippine or tropical baroque. (source:

concerns.Pomp and pageantry of

Flaudette May Datuin et. al, 2016.

religious processions were

Contemporary Philippine Arts of the Regions p. 31)

introduced. ● Zarzuela was introduced, it was an opera which features singing and

Important Happenings related to art

dancing with prosed dialogue which

during Spanish era

allowed the story to be carried out

● Chinese artisans were engaged in making icons or saints made in wood or ivory ● Colonial churches were built

in a song. ● Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as the most distinguished playwrights as they wrote zarzuela in Tagalog

● Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awarded as the most celebrated leading actress ● The first Senakulo was written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen ● Komedya were also introduced; komedya de santo (it centers on life of Christ ) and Secular Komedya. ● Folk dances such as carinosa, pandanggo, polka , dansa and

imagery. He also created albums of illustrations of native costumes. This he did primarily to sell to collectors. Such skills made Domingo one of the most famous and sought-after artists of his time in the Philippines. Domingo is regarded highly in the history of Filipino art and is credited with establishing academic courses in art in the Philippines.

rigodon, habanera, and tango were introduced. ● Visual arts, and paintings must be

Tipos del País, literally meaning Types of the Country, is a style of watercolor painting that shows the different types of inhabitants in the Philippines in their different native costumes that show their social status and occupation during

visual interpretation of biblical texts center to Catholic devotion ex. Heaven Earth and Hell by Jose Dans ( 1850) ● Reprographic art of printmaking was introduced, Doctrina Christiana is an example, the first printed book in the Philippines compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments and other catechetical material. ● Juan Luna ( Spolarium) won gold medals and Felix Resurrection

colonial times. 2. Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas

Hidalgo (Virgenes christianas

Born in the town of

expuestas al populacho) won silver medals

Badoc,Ilocos Norte in the northern Philippines, Juan N.

Famous Artists and their artworks

Luna was the third

during Spanish era:

among the seven children of Joaquín Posadas Luna and

Visual Arts: 1. Damian Domingo

Laureana Ancheta Novicio-Luna. In 1861,

– watercolor

the Luna family moved to Manila and he

albums of tipos Damian Domingo was born in Tondo, Manila and is a Chinese Filipino mestizo. He began

went to Ateneo Municipal de Manila

his career as a painter specializing in miniature portraits and religious

where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. He excelled in painting and drawing, and was influenced by his brother, Manuel N. Luna, who, according to Filipino patriot José Rizal, was a better painter than Juan himself.

The Philippine history with masterpieces such as spolarium, The death of cleopatra and blood compact. Juan Luna was mostly known for his works being dramatic and dynamic,focusing on romanticism and realism styles of art. Spoliarium The painting features a glimpse of Roman history centered on the bloody carnage

acquaintance and inspiration for members of the Philippine reform movement which included José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Mariano Ponce and Graciano López Jaena, although he neither involved himself directly in that movement, nor later associate himself with the First Philippine Republic under Emilio Aguinaldo. Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho or The

brought by

Christian Virgins

gladiatorial

Exposed to the

matches.

Populace is a famous

Spoliarium is a

1884 history painting

Latin word

by Filipino painter,

Colosseum where the fallen and dying

reformist, and propagandistFélix Resurrección Hidalgo.

gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions.

The painting is alternately known as The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Rabble,

referring to the basement of the Roman

Jovenes Cristianas Expuestas al Based on historical accounts, the young

Populacho (Christian Maidens Exposed to

and brilliant Juan Luna had spent almost

the Populace), Christian Virgins

eight months of his fruitful life, to finally

Presented to the Populace, The

finish the historically significant

Christian Virgins Being Exposed to the

Spoliarium. Lot of effort,love and

Populace, and Christian Virgins Exposed

sacrifices Juan Luna put into coming up

to the Mob.

with this painting. However, it's 4. Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water

wonderful!.

Carrier 3. Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho. Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla (February 21, 1855 –

León María Guerrero y

March 13, 1913) was a Filipino artist. He is

licensed pharmacist in the Philippines, and

acknowledged as one

one of the most eminent botanists in the country in his time.

of the greatest

Leogardo was a Filipino writer, revolutionary leader, politician, the first

Filipino painters of the late 19th century, and is significant in Philippine history for having been an

He was the second of fourteen children of Leon Jorge Guerrero and Clara

Leogardo. His father was in the employ of the Spanish government in the Philippines as warehouse keeper (almacenero de la administracion de

Pampanga, for whom he executed many portraits and religious paintings. Simon married the monsignor’s sister, Simplicia.

rentas estancadas) in the Pasig district from 1858, but he left the service rather

Flores must have executed as many as

than to swear allegiance to the newly

20 portraits which include the two

constituted Spanish Republic upon the

versions of the Familia Quiason, and the

overthrow of Queen Isabela in 1868. He

portraits entitled Miguela Henson,

studied Latinity in the College of San

Andrea Dayrit, Quintina Castor de

Jose. One of his early preceptors was

Sadie, Severina Ocampo de Arroyo,

Father Jose Ma. Guevara, a Filipino

Anastasia Sandiko Panlilio, and Lucila

priest later deported to the Marianas

Panlilio. All these are known for the fine

for alleged complicity in the Cavite

miniaturistic detailing of the

Revolt of 1872.

embroideries of the pina costumes of the sitters, their elaborate jewelry as

5. Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon Family Simon Flores was a Filipino Asian Antiquities artist who was born in 1839. The artist died in 1904.

well as the appurtenances in their homes. Among Simon’s religious paintings are El bautismo de Cristo (The Baptism of Christ), San Roque, Parabola de la mujer arrepentida (Parable of the Repentant Woman), La Inmaculada

Simon De La Rosa Flores was descended from a family of

Concepcion (The Immaculate Conception), and two versions of La

artisans originally

Virgen Maria, (The Virgin Mary), inspired

from Balayan,

by a painting of Carlo Dolci. He

Batangas. Uncle Pio

decorated the interiors of the churches

De La Rosa taught

of Bacolor, Betis, Mexico, and Santa Rita

Simon the rudiments

towns of Pampanga. He also did

of the arts when he

mortuary portraits. Only two of his

was in his teens.

genre paintings are known in existence,”

Later, he enrolled at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura,

Primeras Letras,” (Learning to Read),

studying under Lorenzo Guerrero and

Chickens).

and “Alimentando Pollos” (Feeding

Lorenzo Rocha. Flores first gained attention in 1871 when the colonial

Miniature painters:

administration commended him for the portrait of Amadeo I, which he presented to the province oil Pampanga. During this time he might already have made the acquaintance of Mons Ignacio Tambungui who introduced him to the wealthy families of several towns of

1.Antonio Malantic z 2. Isidro Arceo, 3. Dionesio de Castro 4. Justiniano Assuncion Engraver: 1. Francisco Suarez

2. Nicolas Engraver Severino Reyes (February 11, 1861 –

3. Laureano Atlas 4. Felipe Sevilla Musician – Composer - Marcelo Adonay Marcelo Quiteria Adonay (baptized February 6, 1848 – February 8, 1928) was a Filipino

September 15, 1942) was a Filipino writer, playwright, and director of plays. He used the pen name Lola Basyang. He was nicknamed "Don Binoy".

church composer, musician, organist, musical director, and music teacher. He is regarded as a

Reyes wrote 26 zarzuelas and 22 dramas in his career. He is known as the "Father of Tagalog Plays" and as the "Father of the Tagalog Zarzuela".

major icon of Philippine golden age of church music for his extensive contribution to religious music in the Philippines throughout his career. Theater artist: . Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama Honorata de la RamaHernandez (January 11, 1902 – July 11, 1991), commonly known as Atang de la Rama, was a singer and bodabil performer who became the first Filipina film actress. Atang de la Rama was born in Pandacan, Manila on January 11, 1902. By the age of 7, she was already starring in Spanish zarzuelas such as Mascota, Sueño de un Vals, and Marina. At the age of 15, she starred in the sarsuela Dalagang Bukid, where she became known for singing the

Reyes helped found the Liwayway magazine in 1922, and is recognized for pioneering the Tagalog literary renascence during his lifetime. His stories under the pen name Lola Basyang were the magazine's most widely read feature. 2. Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela Hermogenes Ilagan (19 April 1873 in Bigaa, Bulacan – 27 February 1943) was a Filipino tenor, writer, stage actor, and playwright. He was a descendant of Francisco Baltazar. His talent in singing made him popular in the field of theater arts. He became known as the Father of Tagalog Zarzuela and the Father of Philippine Zarzuela 3. Gaspar Aquino de Belen – Senakulo

song, Nabasag na Banga. Writers: 1. Severino Reyes – Zarzuela

Gaspar Aquino de Belén was a Filipino poet and translator of the 17th century, known for authoring a 1704 rendition of

the Pasyon: a famous poetic narrative of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus, which has circulated in many versions. Generally Filipino natives were not taught Spanish, but the bilingual individuals, notably poet-translator Aquino de Belén, produced devotional poetry written in Latin script in the Tagalog language....