chapter 7 textbook notes PDF

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chapter 7 textbook notesChapter 8 notes from the textbook includes middle childhood - adulthood. Also has questions from the textbook, good for exam practice...

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TestBanks Chapter 7 Middle Childhood: Body and Mind

Part 1

1

Children between the ages of 6 to 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as: A. infancy. B. early childhood. C. middle childhood. D. adolescence. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

2

When comparing the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, one notices that children: A. grow more slowly than they did in early childhood. B. grow faster than they did in early childhood. C. grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12. D. have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

3

For a class project, Casey is asked to identify why there has been a decrease in the number of deaths among children in recent decades. His research discovered that all of these factors were related to a lower death rate among children EXCEPT: A. more physical activity. B. fewer lethal accidents. C. less effective immunizations. D. fewer fatal illnesses. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

4

Due to earlier diagnosis and treatment, chronic health conditions, such as hearing impairments and anemia, are now _____ less frequent in middle childhood compared to two decades ago. A. 25 percent B. 50 percent C. 75 percent D. 90 percent Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

5

Today, children who are in the middle childhood stage of development are experiencing better physical health than they did decades ago. Which is NOT a factor in the improved physical health of children? A. earlier diagnosis and treatment of chronic health conditions B. a reduction in the number of colds children catch C. the reduced exposure to secondhand smoke D. an increase in hand washing behavior Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

6

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are: A. unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood. B. related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood. C. unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood. D. related to their health in adolescence and adulthood. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

7

What is a benefit of physical activity for kids? A. better oral health B. better overall health C. protection from bullying D. decrease in emotional disturbance Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

8

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children? A. people no longer want to know their neighbors B. parental obesity C. the high incidence of juvenile diabetes D. a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

9

One problem about athletic sports leagues is that: A. there is less and less space for these teams to play. B. low SES children are unlikely to belong to these teams. C. they limit children's opportunities to learn teamwork. D. poor sportsmanship is rampant among parents. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

10

The ratio between a person's height and weight is expressed as: A. HWP. B. BMW. C. APGAR. D. BMI. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

11

Which problem is often seen in obese children? A. low blood pressure B. increased psychopathology C. high levels of cholesterol D. increased chance of becoming a bully Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

12

Obesity has increased because it is common for: A. preschoolers to attend preschool. B. preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda. C. babies to be breast-fed. D. children to walk to school. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

13

Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight? A. 25 B. 50 C. 100 D. 200 Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

14

Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ the airways. A. inflammation of B. enlargement of C. destruction of D. holes in Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

15

Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has: A. doubled. B. tripled. C. decreased. D. stayed the same. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

16

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to microbes is called the: A. sterile environment theory. B. hygiene hypothesis. C. spore theory. D. immunity hypothesis. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

17

Better ventilation in schools and homes, less pollution, fewer antibiotics, and better medical diagnosis would be considered: A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. quaternary prevention D. tertiary prevention Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

18

An asthmatic child gets shots in the doctor's office during an asthma attack. This is a ______ level of prevention. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

19

Mary, age 10, has asthma. Her parents bought a HEPA filter for her bedroom. This represents which level of prevention? A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

20

Which child is less likely to receive high-quality medical care for asthma? A child whose parents: A. have private insurance that covers preventative medical treatments. B. are classified as middle-income SES. C. qualify for public insurance such as Medicaid. D. work in jobs that provide personal days so that the child can be taken to the doctor. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

21

Borrelli et al. (2010) conducted an intervention study that focused on 100 caregivers of children with asthma. The caregivers smoked and did not necessarily want to quit. Over the course of the study the caregivers were shown the amount of smoke the children were being exposed to and counseled on different approaches to quitting smoking. After three months, the results of the study revealed that _____ of the caregivers had quit smoking and the children's asthma attacks were _____ frequent. A. ¼; less B. ¼; more C. ½; less D. ½; more Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

22

According to Piaget, which ability do children gain during middle childhood? A. conservation B. abstract reasoning C. logic D. egocentrism Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

23

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to: A. abstractions, such as truth and liberty. B. chemistry and physics. C. concrete and visible examples. D. questions of social justice. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

24

In middle childhood, Piaget believed that children are in the period of _____ thought. A. formal operational B. preoperational C. metacognitive D. concrete operational Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

25

When capable of concrete operational thought, children: A. are limited to intuitive, perceptual focusing. B. can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations. C. can reason about abstractions. D. are likely to be misled by appearances. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

26

With concrete operational thought, children can: A. think logically about visible, tangible things. B. think logically about abstract ideas. C. consistently make good decisions. D. solve most problems on their own. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

27

The logical principle that objects can be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called: A. concrete thought. B. transitive inference. C. classification. D. reversibility. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

28

Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this. A. conservation B. transitive inference C. seriation D. abstract reasoning Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

29

Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and a 9-year-old is true? A. The 4-year-old can separate the relevant from the irrelevant. B. The 9-year-old can apply abstract thought to the classification process. C. The 4-year-old will be able to distinguish between relevance and flexibility. D. The 9-year-old can be flexible in classification. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

30

Which statement is true? A. School-age children are able to understand complex, abstract concepts. B. School-age children are as rigid in their thinking as preschoolers. C. School-age children are slightly more advanced thinkers than preschoolers. D. There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

31

Children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability from their culture? A. observational learning B. fractions C. spatial orientation D. individual discovery Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

32

Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge. A. instruction B. independence C. exploration D. passive learning Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

33

In one study (Crosnoe et al., 2010) of reading and math ability in third- and fifth-grade children, it was found that high-scoring children usually had three sources of cognitive stimulation. Which was NOT a source of cognitive stimulation? A. having parents who read to preschool children daily B. attending a preschool program C. having a first grade teacher who emphasized literacy D. learning from media sources about reading and math Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

34

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how _____ function. A. animals' brains B. high-level businesses C. computers D. athletic teams Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

35

Professor Schuyler believes that people's brains work very much like a computer in terms of input, processing, and output. The professor believes in _____ theory. A. Piaget's B. Vygotsky's C. the information processing D. the biocognitive Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

36

Which brain feature is responsible for the ability to read? A. the prefrontal cortex B. the hippocampus C. myelination D. multiple interconnections Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

37

The time it takes for someone to respond to a particular stimulus is called _____ time. A. reaction B. response C. reflex D. relational Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

38

Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli and exclude others. This ability is known as: A. automatization. B. decentration. C. transduction. D. selective attention. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

39

Sonja is studying for an exam while her roommate is talking to her boyfriend on the phone. Sonja cannot concentrate on her books because she is unable to use: A. metacognition. B. divided attention. C. selective attention. D. common sense. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

40

_____ is one of the leading theorists of the information-processing perspective. A. Vygotsky B. Piaget C. Siegler D. Silva Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

41

The memory system in which signals are held for a split second is called _____ memory. A. short-term B. working C. sensory D. holding Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

42

Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory? A. everything you see on this page B. the answer to this question C. where you saw the term working memory in the text D. the musical theme of your favorite television show Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

43

Tony came to walk with José to school. When José saw Tony's notebook in his backpack, José rushed back into his house to retrieve his own notebook, which contained his homework. José's sensation upon seeing Tony's notebook became a perception, which triggered José's: A. sensory memory. B. working memory. C. long-term memory. D. knowledge base. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

44

By the end of middle childhood, the capacity of long-term memory is: A. limited to facts and knowledge gained through repetition. B. limited to highly emotional experiences and objective information. C. unlimited regarding information but limited about emotional experiences. D. extremely large. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

45

Which factor is MOST likely to cause a child's knowledge base to increase? A. scoring high on an IQ test B. past opportunities to learn C. personal motivation D. well-developed fine motor skills Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

46

New concepts are best learned when they are connected to: A. personal and emotional experiences. B. current events. C. a teacher-directed curriculum. D. a child-centered curriculum. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

47

Children can focus without becoming distracted, persist at tasks, and exhibit quick, efficient memory due the development of: A. preoperational thought. B. reciprocity. C. the limbic system. D. control processes. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

48

Metacognition is: A. the process of putting information into long -term memory. B. the process of recalling information. C. thinking about thinking. D. the ability to process multiple stimuli. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

49

Evaluating a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish and monitor one's performance is called: A. automatization. B. decentration. C. metacognition. D. social standards. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

50

Metacognition refers to: A. improving one's problem-solving strategies. B. memorizing detailed information. C. thinking about one's thinking processes. D. considering multiple alternatives. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

51

What ability is required for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn? A. metacognition B. automatization C. control processes D. abstract reasoning Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

52

During middle childhood, children understand all of these aspects of language EXCEPT for: A. prefixes. B. compound words. C. phrases. D. sarcasm. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

53

Nine-year-old child Devon writes, “My brother eats like a hungry pig.” This statement demonstrates his understanding of: A. syntax. B. a second language. C. metaphor. D. logic. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

54

Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails are examples of: A. metaphors. B. similes. C. grammar. D. informal code. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

55

When Kitana wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, “Would you please repeat the question?” but when she needs a classmate to repeat himself, she says, “Huh?” This example shows that Kitana understands: A. the pragmatics of language. B. metaphors and similes. C. metacognitive processes. D. the control processes in speech. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

56

John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers during class. Clearly John understands the: A. metacognitive aspects of intellect. B. pragmatics of his language. C. automatized view of social interaction. D. control processes of regulation. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

57

Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom uses: A. immersion. B. heritage language education. C. bilingual schooling. D. mainstreaming. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

58

Jared, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. Jared is learning Spanish through: A. Spanish-as-a-second-language program. B. an ESL program. C. bilingual schooling. D. immersion. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

59

The approach to teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the _____ approach. A. bilingual schooling B. immersion C. heritage language D. additive bilingual Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

60

When non-English-speaking children are taught exclusively in English to prepare them for regular classes is, the class is called: A. English as a second language. B. immersion. C. bilingual schooling. D. monolingual education. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

61

Approximately what percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school? A. 45 B. 60 C. 75 D. 95 Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

62

Jefferson High School has a student council to guarantee student representation in school affairs. Jakob, a senior, has learned that the administration of this high school wants obedience. Obedience at Jakob's school is an example of a hidden: A. agenda. B. curriculum. C. value. D. assumption. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

63

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school, which are the unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school, are called the: A. territorial imperative. B. whole language theory. C. socioeconomic divide. D. hidden curriculum. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

64

What is the main international test of reading given to students? A. TIMSS B. PIRLS C. WJ III D. Stanford-Binet Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

65

What is the primary international test of science and math given to students? A. PIRLS B. IATS C. TIMSS D. SATs Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

66

In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland's educational reform is false? A. Students are given a series of high-stakes tests at each level. B. Only the top 3 percent of high school students gain admittance to teachers' colleges. C. School buildings are designed to foster collaboration. D. Teachers are encouraged to work collaboratively. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

67

When TIMSS experts recorded math teachers in the U.S., Germany, and Japan, what did they find? A. U.S. teachers presented material at a higher level than their German and Japanese counterparts. B. Japanese teachers were excited about math instruction and developed collaborative and individual assignments that engaged students on multiple levels. C. Germany students were most engaged in math les...