Chapter 8 Review Questions PDF

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Chapter 8 Review Questions 1. Hamilton’s financial plan consisted of five primary points to make America a significant military and commercial power. The first step involved creating conditions in which people would loan money to the government by buying bonds to establish the new nation’s creditworthiness. Secondly, the government would assume responsibility for the nation’s debt accumulated by the War of Independence and other events, which would allow the federal government to be more likely to pay off their debt. Third, Hamilton wanted to construct a National Bank as a private corporation, similar to the Bank of England. Furthermore, his fourth measure was wanting to implement a tax on whiskey. Finally, Hamilton proposed a tariff on foreign goods to encourage American growth. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison both opposed Hamilton’s financial plan because they strongly upheld the belief that the future of their country lay within westward expansion rather than connections with Europe. Free trade, they believed, would advance American prosperity, in turn fostering a more significant social equality. The bank of the United States was opposed by many because of the intense fear of the wealthy and speculators from overseas that would influence it (pages 290-291). 2. America’s responses to French and British impressment and the French Revolution helped introduce the nation to foreign policy. Jay’s Treaty in 1794 pushed England out of the Northwestern Territory and expanded American trading freedoms with England and the West Indies. However, it did nothing to stop impressment. Additionally, America’s private aid given to England during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars gave America a stronger British alliance. The primary conflict of the time was whether the US

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should ally with France or England. Led by Washington and his mostly Federalist Cabinet, America chose England (pages 292-294). 3. The Louisiana Purchase allowed white colonists to expand into new territory that was occupied by Native Americans. Many whites began to marry and have children with natives and established a new class of farmers and merchants in the region. This caused a divide within the Native American population. A pan-Indian alliance was formed with a desire to resist the influence of white settlers. This alliance was led by Tecumseh, who believed all natives had a right to the land and urged them to rebel and reclaim what was taken from them (pages 310-313).

Key Terms: Jay’s Treaty: Jay’s Treaty involved Britain and Chief Justice John Jay. It was a Treaty with Britain negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay; Britain agreed to vacate forts in the Northwest Territories, and festering disagreements (border with Canada, prewar debts, shipping claims) would be settled with a commission. It occurred in 1794 and happened within forts in Northwest Territories. Jay’s Treaty was vital because it helped us normalize relations with Britain after the Revolutionary War. We study it to understand the United States’ relationship with Britain, and to demonstrate how nothing was certain regarding the beginning of the United States. It affected United States history because it altered the future of expansion westward, and resulted in an attitude shift towards Britain. Whiskey Rebellion: The Whiskey Rebellion involved many western Pennsylvania farmers and the federal government. It was a violent protest against the federal excise tax on whiskey. The

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Whiskey Rebellion occurred in 1794 in western Pennsylvania. It is essential to United States history because it proved that the government was willing to go to extreme measures to suppress violent opposition with military support. We study this to understand what had helped contribute to America’s growth and expansion. The Whiskey Rebellion affected United States history as it resulted in the development of political parties, some of which are still effective today.

Haitian Revolution: The Haitian Revolution involved slaves. It was a slave uprising that led to the establishment of Haiti as an independent country. It took place in 1804 in Haiti. The Haitian Revolution was important because it was the most successful rebellion waged by slaves against a colonial power. We study it to understand how the first black republic in the world came to be and how Haiti became a country. It affected United States history as it resulted in the formation of Haiti, and it resulted in former slaves creating their society without masters.

War of 1812: The War of 1812 involved the United States and Britain. It was a war fought with Britain over issues that included impressment of American sailors, interference with shipping, and collusion with Northwest Territory Indians, settled by the Treaty of Ghent. It was fought from 1812 to 1814 by land on North American and by sea around the world. The War of 1812 was important because it demonstrated the importance of a sufficient naval force for the country. We study it to understand how Canadian independence came to be. It affected United States history as it marked the end of the Federalist party, which is no longer active today. Alien and Sedition Acts: The Alien and Sedition Acts involved the noncitizens of the United States. They were four measures passed during the undeclared war with France that limited the

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freedoms of speech and press and restricted the liberty of noncitizens. These measures were effective in 1798 and were active throughout the United States. These were important because they prevented others from speaking poorly about the United States government, or any aspect of it thereof, additionally limiting immigration rights. We study the Alien and Sedition Acts to understand how far our right to free speech has come since this time and what this meant for the United States during this time. It affected United States history because these laws were frowned upon by many, which inspired change and the basis for many regulations we have today to protect these rights and preserve them.

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