Chapter 8 Review PDF

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Review questions for chapter 8...

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Chapter 8 Review 1) How do Erickson’s stages of cognition for preschool and school age children differ? School age children are highly motivated to learn new tasks (Pg. 282). 2) Why is social comparison particularly powerful during middle school? It allows kids to start comparing oneself to others and lose the rose self-evaluation of preschool. (Pg. 282). 3) Why do cultures differ and how they value pride and humility? They differ in which attitudes and accomplishments they value. (Pg. 283). 4) What factors help a child become resilient? Positive adaptions; where if an issue with one parent leads them to become closer to another parent, and it must be significant; a threat to development or life itself. (Pg. 285).

5) Why and when may minor stresses be more harmful than major stresses? When residential disruption is added to other stresses it’s often too much. (Pg. 286). 6) How much does a child’s interpretation affect the ability to cope with repeated stress? If they interpret the repeated stress as a personal threat, if the family lacks order and routine resilience is less likely. (Pg. 287). 7) What does the evidence say about how children respond to major disasters? They may act more like parents than children, parentification. (Pg. 287). 8) Why do you siblings raised together not share the exact same environment? Because they may be raised or treated differently depending on factors such as age, gender, and temperament. (Pg. 289). 9) What is the difference between family structure and family function? Family structure is the legal and genetic connection between people in a family. While family function is how people in a family work together to care for each other. (Pg. 290). 10) Why is a harmonious, stable home particularly important during middle childhood? Children need safety and stability. They shouldn’t be moved around a lot during this time because instability can cause psychologic harm. (Pg. 290).

11) Describe the characteristics of four different family structures? Nuclear families that have a mother, father, and biological children under the age of 18. Single-Parent families has only one parent and child or children. Extended family consists of three or more generations under one roof and a Polygamous family consists of one man and more than one wife plus children. (Pg. 292). 12) How do you children benefit from a nuclear family structure? They tend to perform better in school and have fewer psychological problems. (Pg. 293).

13) List three reasons why the single parent structure might function less well than the two parents’ structure for children. Single parent structures function less well become often it has less income, time, and stability. (Pg. 296). 14) What ways are family structure and family function affected by culture? Some cultures have different family structures such as polyamorous households. (Pg .296). 15) Using the family stress model explain how low family income not affect family function. 16) How can researchers determine whether family conflict affects children directly not nearly threw inherited genetic tendencies?

17) How does what children where reflect the culture of children? 18) In what ways do friendships change from the beginning to the end of middle childhood?

19) How is a child’s popularity affected my culture 20) What changes in the criteria for popularity as children mature from early childhood to adolescence?

21) What are the different kinds of bullying? 22) How do boy bullies differ from girl bullies?

23) What school characteristics make bullying more likely? 24) How much bullying be reduced?

25) Using your own examples illustrate Kohlberg’s three levels of moral reasoning? 26) What are the main criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory?

27) When would family values overtake national values? 28) How might children’s morality differ from adult morality?

29) How might the morality of children help stop a bully?

30) What kind of punishment did Piaget think was more advanced morally?

31) What seems to advance moral thought during middle childhood?...