Chemistry Formula Sheet PDF

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Summary

This is a basic refresher for the students that lack some knowledge in the CHEM1040 department...

Description

``Important Chemistry Formulas/Guide from Grade 11-12 Converting Metric Units Sheet Metric Prefixes

Numerical values

Written Notation

Tera

Unit value x1012

T

Giga

Unit value x109

G

Mega

Unit value x106

M

Kilo

Unit value x103

k

Hecto

Unit value x102

h

Deca

Unit value x101

da

Baseline

1 meter or whatever unit of measurement we are using

None

Deci

Unit value x10-1

d

Centi

Unit value x10-2

c

Milli

Unit value x10-3

m

Micro

Unit value x10-6

� (pronounced mu)

Nano

Unit value x10-9

n

Pico

Unit value x10-12

p

Femto

Unit value x1015

f

Important conversion tips for chemistry

Temperature Celsius to Fahrenheit

FT=

Celsius to Kelvin

KT=CT+273.15

Gas Conversions Atmosphere to mmhg/torr

1 atm = 760mmhg/torr

Atmosphere to kilopascals

1 atm = 101.3kPa

Bar to Atmosphere

1 atm = 1.01325 bar

Important Chemical Formulas

Stoichiometric Formulas

Gaseous Formulas

m=MMn

Force =

Mass of 1 atom/molecule=

Pressure =

Mass % in compounds =

Boyle’s Law

Molecular formula =

Charles's Law =

How to get empirical formula

Combined Gas Law =

*** this must be done for each element Ideal Gas Law = in compound Gas density = Percentage yield =

Molar Concentration (Molarity) = Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

A mixture of 1 mole of carbon monoxide and 3 moles of hydrogen gas are placed in a 10.0L vessel at 1200K and are brought to equilibrium. Find the amount of products produced in an equilibrium given the following equation.

Key Strong Acids: HClO4, H2SO4, HI, HBr, HCl, HNO3

Start values: 1.0 mol, 3.00 mol ? Change: -x -3x +x Equilibrium: 1.0mol-x

3.0mol-3x

x

Key Strong Bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 Self Ionization of Water: Kw=[H3O+][OH-]=1.0x10-14 at 25℃

? pH/pOH of a solution: +x x=0.387

pH = -log [H3O+] pOH = -log [OH-]

Solve for the other compounds

pH + pOH = 14.00

Kc Equilibrium Constant

Acid ionization Constant Ka

Take this equation for example aA+bB ⇆ cC dD

Ka =

Kc =

*** PRODUCTS OVER REACTANTS

*** PRODUCTS OVER REACTANTS The Reaction Quotient Qc

Qc = If Qc is > Kc then the equilibrium shifts left to the reactants (Too much product is made or too little reactants is left) If Qc is < Kc then the equilibrium shifts right to the products (Not enough product is made or too much reactant left) If Qc = Kc then the reaction is at

Polyprotic acids: Acids that can donate more than one hydrogen ion H2SO4 Gotta calculate Ka1 and Ka2 Base Ionization constant Kb Kb = pH of a salt solution:

equilibrium Ka Kb = Kw Remember Le Chatelier’s Principle in an equilibrium if any changes are done Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation: that would disturb the equilibrium. The pH = pKa + log reaction will act in an attempt to reverse the effects and restore equilibrium Organic Chemistry Guide

Other Equations:

Hydrocarbon prefixes: Meth-1 Eth-2 Prop-3 But-4 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Hepta-7 Octa-8 Nona-9 Deca-10

c

Functional Groups: Hydroxyl (OH) Carbonyl (=O) Carboxyl (=O +OH) Phenyl (Benzene ring) Amino (NH2) Nitro (NO2) Ether (R’-O-R) R means carbon chain O ⇈ Ester (R’-C-O-R) *Ignore arrows they represent a double bond O ⇈ Amide (R-C-NH-R’)

Ɛ=h*ν E = NA * Ɛ

Variable Guide: MM = MOLAR MASS (g/mol) m = mass (g) n = moles (mol) C = Celsius F = Fahrenheit K = Kelvin P = Pressure T = Temperature V = Volume D = density d = gas density Avogadro’s # = 6.02x1023 R = Molar gas constant (0.082058 L·atm/(K·mol)) c = speed of light in a vacuum 3.0e8 ms-1 Ɛ = Energy of one photon E = One Mole of Quantized energy ƛ = wavelength ν = frequency h = Planck’s Constant (6.626x10-34J*s)...