Civil engineering non technical by a.k.engineering academy PDF

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Description

Index

6

1

Parts of speech

03

2 3

Pronoun Conjunction

07 12

4 5

Interjection Adjective

13 14

6 7

Verb Adverb

20 26

8 9

Prepositions Tense

31 40

10 11

Types of sentences Synthesis

46 49

12 13

Direct - Indirect Change the voice

56 62

14 15

Clauses Degree

68 73

16 17

Question tag Article

79 83

18 19

Transformation Synonyms

88 91

20 21

Antonyms One word substitution

103 111

22 23

Idioms & Phrases Odd one out

120 130

24 25

Miss spelt/ Correct spelling Modal Auxiliaries

131 132

26 27

Find error Some other type of question/Miscelanious

134 138

28

Practice Passages

150

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

1) Parts of Speech (eãXm§À¶m OmVr)

A{YH$ ‘m{hVr gm§JUmam eãX hm {deofU AgVmo. {deofU Zm‘mÀ¶m nydu qH$dm Z§Va ¶oD$ eH$Vo. CXm. Little, this,

A) Co-ordinating conjunctions (àYmZËdgyMH$ C^¶mÝd¶r A춶) (g§¶w³V dm³¶ H$aʶmgmR>r) : and, both - and, as well as, not only - but also, but, only, neither... nor, either... or, or, else, otherwise, yet, however, so, for hence, therefore etc. B) Sub-ordinating conjunctions (Jm¡U ËdgyMH$ C^¶mÝd¶r A춶) ({‘l dm³¶ H$aʶmgmR>r) : as, as soon as, when, no sooner... than, hardly... when, while, till, because, since, lest, so that, so.... that, unless, that, though/althouth, than, as/so, before, still, where, who, which, whose, whom, if etc. 8) Interjection (Ho$dbà¶moJr A춶) : Vrd« ñdê$nmÀ¶m

four, clever etc. 4) Verb ({H«$¶mnX) : {H«$¶mnXm{edm¶ dm³¶mMm AW© nyU©

^mdZm dm³¶mVyZ 춳V Z H$aVm CX²JmamVyZ 춳V Ho$ë¶m Va ˶m CÒmam§Zm Ho$dbà¶moJr A춶 åhUVmV. abso-

Basic Things about English Language :

B§J«OrV eãXm§À¶m EHy$U AmR> OmVr Amho. AmnU Or dm³¶o ~mobVmo ˶mVrb à˶oH$ eãX ¶m AmR> OmVtn¡H$sM AgVmo. 1) Noun (Zm‘) : g¥ï>rVrb H$moU˶mhr ‘yV© qH$dm A‘yV© KQ>H$mbm AmoiIʶmgmR>r dmnabobm eãX hm Zm‘M AgVmo. CXm. Pune, City, Sugar, Honesty etc. 2) Pronoun (gd©Zm‘) : Zm‘mEodOr dmnabobm eãX hm gd©Zm‘ AgVmo. Zm‘m§Mr nwZamd¥Îmr Q>miUo ho gd©Zm‘mMo ‘w»¶ H$m¶© Amho. CXm. That, neither, someone, what, he, who etc. 3) Adjective ({deofU) : Zm‘m~Ôb H$moU˶mhr ñdê$nmMr

hmo V Zmhr; åhUy Z dm³¶mMm AW© ny U© H$aUmè¶m[ lutely, achoo, ack, ahh, aha, ahem, ahoy, agreed, alas, alright, alrighty, alack, amen etc. H«$¶mdmMH$ eãXmbm {H«$¶mnX åhUVmV. {H«$¶mXe©H$ eãX Basic Facts Ogo {H«$¶mnXo AgVmV Vgo AdñWm, pñWVr, ‘mbH$s Xe©{dUmao eãX gwÕm {H«$¶mnXoM ‘mZbr OmVmV. CXm. A) Subject (CÔoí¶) : dm³¶ Á¶mÀ¶m~Ôb ‘m{hVr gm§JVo Vmo CÔoí¶ AgVmo. Do, Sing, play, write etc. 5) Adverb ({H«$¶m{deofU) : {H«$ ¶o~Ôb A{YH$ ‘m{hVr B) Doer (H$Vm©) : Omo {H«$¶m H$aVmo ˶mbm H$Vm© Ago åhUVmV. gm§JUmè¶m eãXmbm {H«$¶m{deofU åhUVmV. {H«$¶m Ho$ìhm, Note : CÔoí¶ d H$Vm© ¶mV Oar ’$aH$ Agbm Var H$˶m©bm gwÕm Subject åhQ>bo OmVo. H$moR>o , H$er, {H$Vr doim KS>b r ¶m§gmaIr ‘m{hVr {H«$¶m{deofUmVyZ {‘iVo. CXm. tomorrow, here, C) Object (H$‘©) : Á¶mÀ¶mda {H«$¶m KS>Vo ˶mbm H$‘© slowly, always etc. åhUVmV. 6) Preposition (eãX¶moJr A춶) : H$Vm©, H$‘©, nyaH$ D) Complement (nyaH$) : H$Vm© {H«$¶mnX, H$‘© gmoS>y Z ¶m§Zm dm³¶mer OmS>ʶmgmR>r H$moU˶mhr eãXmMr JaO dm³¶mV A{YH$ ^a KmbUmam eãX qH$dm eãXg‘yh ZgVo. hr ~hþYm Zm‘o AgVmV; na§Vw ¶mnojm doJù¶m åhUOo nyaH$ hmo¶. AWm©Zo EImXo Zm‘ dm³¶mV dmnamd¶mMo Pmë¶mg ˶mbm eg. Anita wrote a letter yesterday. dm³¶mer OmoS>ʶmgmR>r eãX¶moJr A춶mMr JaO AgVo. Anita - doer, wrote - verb, a letter - object, yesterday - complement. CXm. between, from, into, in, on etc. 7) Conjunction (C^¶mÝd¶r A춶) : EH$m OmVrMo XmoZ E) Predicate ({dYo¶) : {dYo¶ Agm eãXg‘yh AgVmo H$s Á¶mV {H«$¶mnX AgyZ hm eãXg‘yh CÔoem~Ôb ‘m{hVr eãX qH$dm dm³¶ OmoS>ʶmgmR>r dmnabobm eãX C^¶mÝd¶r XoVmo, ¶mV H$˶m©nydu H$˶m©{df¶r ‘m{hVr gm§JUmè¶m A춶 AgVmo. AemàH$mao OmoS>bobo dm³¶ g§¶w³V dm³¶ {deofUm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoV Zmhr. qH$dm {‘l dm³¶ Agy eH$Vo. H$mhr àg§Jr Ho$db dm³¶mV eg. Dad asked me to go to store. gwÕm C^¶mÝd¶r A춶 dmnabobo AgVo. C^¶mÝd¶r F) Types of subject (H$˶m©Mo àH$ma) : dm³¶mMm H$Vm© A춶mMo XmoZ àH$ma nS>VmV. Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

7

mountain bike. EImXo Zm‘, gd©Zm‘, eãXg‘yh qH$dm EImXo dm³¶ Agy 2) Compound subject : XmoZ nojm A{YH$ H$V} Oa C^¶mÝd¶r eH$Vo. CXm. A춶mZo OmoS>bo Va ˶mbm Compound subject Ago i) Birds have feathers. (A noun) åhUVmV. ii) They went home (A pronoun) eg. Dolphins and Chimpanzy are highly intelli1) Complete subject : EImXo Zm‘/{deofU + Zm‘ gent animals.) dm³¶mMm H$Vm© Agob Va ˶mbm simple/complete åhUVmV. eg. Anil's road bike is much faster than his

Noun - Zm‘ Functions of Nouns (Zm‘m§Mo H$m¶©) :-

dm³¶mVrb ñWmZmdê$Z Zm‘mMo H$m¶© ~XbVo. 1) Subject of the verb ({H«$¶mnXm§Mm H$Vm©) :- Sangita sang a song. H$˶m©bm subject of the verb åhUVmV. 2) Complement of the verb ({H«$¶mnXm§Mo nyaH$) :- He is a teacher. {H«$¶mnXmZ§Va Ambobo Zm‘ H$˶m©~Ôb A{YH$ ‘m{hVr gm§JV Agob Va ˶mbm {H«$¶mnXmMo nyaH$ Ago åhUVmV. 3) Object of the verb ({H«$¶mnXmMo H$‘©) :- I saw Sunil. {H«$¶mnXmZ§Va Amboë¶m Zm‘mda H$˶m©Mr {H«$¶m KS>V Agob Va Aem Zm‘mbm {H«$¶mnXmMo H$‘© Ago åhUVmV. 4) Object of a preposition (eãX¶moJr A춶mMo H$‘©) :- I spoke to Sagar. eãX¶moJr A춶mZ§Va Amboë¶m Zm‘mbm eãX¶moJr A춶mMo H$‘© Ago åhUVmV. Zm‘m§Mo nmM àH$ma nS>VmV. Kinds of Noun Proper Noun

Common Noun

Collective Noun

({deofZm‘)

(gm‘mݶZm‘)

(g‘whdmMH$ Zm‘)

England Jalgaon The Narmada

Pencil Cat Dog

Herd Family Flock

1) Choose the proper masculine noun for the given feminine noun : Peahen 1) drone 2) peacock 3) cock 4) doe

Material Noun

Abstract Noun

(nXmW©dmMH$ Zm‘) (^mddmMH$ Zm‘) Spoon Salt water

Love Affection Bravery

4) What is 'collective noun' for 'stars' ? 1) sky 2) cloud 3) bouquet 4) constellation

2) Choose the correct noun form of 'good'. 1) better 2) goodness 3) best 4) well

5) Choose the correct plural of 'foot'. (MIDC 2013) 1) foots 2) footes 3) feet 4) fuut

3) Identify type of noun : Integrity is the best policy. (Yavatmal MNC 2016) 1) common noun 2) material noun 3) abstract noun 4) quality noun

6) Choose 'Abstract noun' in following. (Parbhani MNC 2015) 1) believe 2) truth 3) trustworthy 4) None of these

CËVa CËVaoo - 1)2 2)2 3)3 4)4 5)3 8

6) 6)22

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

7) Choose 'Abstract noun' in following. (Parbhani MNC 2015) 1) Love 2) Lovely 3) Lover 4) None of these 8) Choose 'Abstract noun' in following. (Parbhani MNC 2015) 1) wise 2) Wisdom 3) wisely 4) None of these 9) What type of noun is the underlined word? "His sight is keen. " a) common b) abstract c) material d) collective Answer options : 1) a only 2) d only 3) b only 4) d & c only 10) Which of the given alternatives can be used as a suffix to form the noun of the given word Inspre? a) _action b) _ion c) _ing d) _r Answr Options : 1) a only 2) b only 3) c only 4) a & d only 11) Which of the following is an abstract nount? 1) Bread 2) Coffee 3) Cheese 4) Happiness 12) Fill in the blank with the correct noun : The innkeepers were famous for their ____ 1) histology 2) hospitalizity 3) hospitality 4) hostility 13) What is the correct noun form of the given word? Vivisection 1) Vivid 2) Vixen 3) Vizier 4) vivisectionist 14) Choose the correct sentence without an error in the use of Noun : 1) He gave us much good advice. Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

2) He gave us many good advices. 3) He gave us much good advise. 4) He gave us many good advises. 15) Which one of the following alternatives is not a 'noun'? 1) Answer 2) Writer 3) River 4) Smarter 16) Which one of the following is not a noun? 1) Friend 2) Student 3) Elephant 4) Young 17) Parents know the pains of parenting. Identify the type of the underlined nouns. 1) Common, collective 2) Collective, Proper 3) Common, Abstract 4) Collective, Abstract 18) What type of noun is the underlined word? Wisdom is better than strength. 1) Common noun 2) Proper noun 3) Collective noun 4) Abstract noun 19) Tick mark noun of the verb 'Accept'. 1) acceptance 2) accepted 3) acceptful 4) accepting 20) Generally beauty dwells in form The word 'beauty' is ____ noun. 1) a proper 2) a common 3) an abstract 4) a collective 21) Choose from the following the noun form of : 'Brief' 1) Abbreviate 2) Briefness 3) briefly 4) breach 22) In which one of the following case 'Lead' is pronounced as 'led' (similar to 'red')?

CËVa CËVaoo - 7)1 8)2 9)3 10)4 11)4 12)3 13)4 15) 5)44 16 16))4 17)4 18)4 19 19))1 20 20))3 21)2 9

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

‘amR>r ^mfm dU© { dMma g§ Y r eãX{dMma Zm‘ qbJ{dMma dMZ{dMma {d^³Vr{dMma gm‘mݶê$n gd© Z m‘ {deo f U {H« $ ¶mnX {H« $ ¶mnXmMo H$mi d AW© {H« $ ¶m{deo f U A춶 eãX¶mo J r A춶 C^¶mÝd¶r A춶 Ho $ dbà¶mo J r A춶 {d^³VtMo AW© à¶mo J g ‘mg Ab§ H $ma dm³¶m§ Mo àH$ma dm³¶n¥ W ³H$aU dm³¶g§ í bo f U {dam‘{MÝho å hU r dmH² $ àMma eãXg‘yh m~Ôb EH$ eãX {déÕmWu eãX g‘mZmWu eãX Ab§ H $m[aH$ eãX JQ>mV Z ~gUmam eãX ewÕ eãX/eãXboI Z g§ H $sU© àíZ gamdmgmR>r CVmao

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

03 06 11 21 23 25 28 30 32 35 38 40 44 46 49 51 54 55 57 60 65 69 71 73 74 77 94 112 122 130 142 146 148 151 155

11

1) ‘amR>r ^mfm - Amnë¶m ‘ZmVrc ^md AWdm {dMma 춺$ H$aʶmMo gmYZ åhUOo ^mfm hmo¶. - ^mfoMr {Z{‘©Vr ‘mUgmÀ¶m JaOoVZy Pmcr Amho. - ‘mUgmOdiMr ^mfm ‘mZdr OrdZmcm ì¶mnUmar, à^mdr g§dmXmMr qH$dm {d{Z‘¶mMr nÕV Amho. - ‘amR>r hr ^maVmVrc g‘¥Õ ^mfm AgyZ ‘hmamï´>mMr Vr amO^mfm Amho. 5 ^mfm hr ‘w»¶V: XmoZ àH$maMr Amho. (1) ñd^m{dH$ qH$dm Z¡g{J©H$ : AmdmO, Moham d BVa hmd^mdm§Zr 춺$ hmoUmar ^mfm. (2) H¥${Ì‘ qH$dm gm§Ho${VH$ ^mfm : Amnco {dMma d ^mdZm 춺$ H$aʶmgmR>r coIZmMm åhUOoM ÜdZrÀ¶m gm§Ho${VH$ IwUm§Mm Cn¶moJ Ho$cm OmVmo Vr ^mfm. 5 ‘hÎdnyU© g§H$ënZm : (1) {cnr : {d{dY gm§Ho${VH$ IwUm§Zr AmnU Oo coIZ H$aVmo {VcmM "{cnr' Ago åhUVmV. (2) coIZ : emB©Mm emoY cmJʶmnydu Amnco {dMma VmS>nÌ, XJS> qH$dm Vm‘«nQ> ¶mda H$moê$Z R>odco OmV AgV. "{cI²' åhUOo H$moaUo hmo¶, åhUyZ AemàH$maÀ¶m H$moê$Z IwUm H$aʶmcm coIZ Ago åhUVmV. (3) XodZmJar {cnr/ZmJar : ‘amR>r ^mfoMo coIZ Á¶m ‘amR>r ~mc~moY {cnrV Ho$co OmVo ˶mg XodZmJar {cnr

Ago åhUVmV. XodZmJar {cnr Am¶© cmoH$m§Zr ^maVmV AmUcr. - g§ñH¥$V, ‘amR>r, qhXr, JwOamVr ¶m Mma ^mfm§Mo {cImU XodZmJar {cnrV Ho$co OmVo. (4) ì¶mH$aU : ^mfoMo ñnï>rH$aU H$aUmao emó åhUOo ì¶mH$aU hmo¶. - ‘amR>r ì¶mH$aUmdarc n{hco nwñVH$ "{d붑 H°$ar' ¶m§Zr 1805 ‘ܶo "X J«m‘a Am°’$ ‘amR>m c±½doO' ¶m ZmdmZo {c{hco. ¶mZ§Va XmXmo~m nm§Sw>a§J VI©S>H$a ¶m§Zr "‘hmamï´ > ^mfoM o ì¶mH$aU' hm emóew Õ ‘amR>r ì¶mH$aUmMm J«§W 1836 ‘ܶo {c{hcm. XmXmo~m nm§Sw>a§J VI©S>H$a ¶m§Zm ‘amR>r ^mfoMo nm{UZr Ago åhUVmV. (5) Ajao : Amnë¶m ÜdZrÀ¶m qH$dm AmdmOmÀ¶m IwUm§Zm Ajao Ago åhUVmV. (gd© ñda d ñda¶wº$ 춧OZo ¶m§Zm Ajao Ago åhUVmV.) CXm. A, Am, B, B©, H$, I, J, K. (6) eãX : R>am{dH$ H«$‘mZo Amcoë¶m Ajam§À¶m AW©nyU© g‘yhmcm "eãX' Ago åhUVmV. CXm. ‘wcm§Zr, H$‘c, Z¶Z B. (7) dm³¶ : nyU© AWm©À¶m ~mocʶmcm "dm³¶' Ago åhUVmV. CXm. ‘wcm§Zr Iao ~mocmdo.

àíZg§M à.1 ‘amR>r ^mfoMo nm{UZr åhUyZ --- ¶m§Zm AmoiIbo OmVo. (Aurangabad MNC 2019) 1) XmXmo~m nm§Sw>a§J 2) AmË‘mam‘ nm§Sw>a§J 3) Xbd§V nm§Sw>a§J 4) {dîUy nwam{UH$

˶mg R>ma Ho$bo. 3) CÎma àXoemVrb nmobrgM H$m¶ nU VoWrb EHy$UM emgH$s¶ ì¶dñWo{df¶r ~ao ~mobmdo Ago H$mhrhr Zgbo Var ˶m h˶o‘mJrb AZoH$ g§X^© AñdñW H$aUmao AmhoV. 4) nmo{bgm§M m doO~m~XmanUm ¶m à{V{H«$¶oÀ¶m nbrH$S>o OmD$Z ¶m KQ>Zo‘mJrb gm‘m{OH$ YmJoX moao CbJSy>Z nmhm¶bm hdoV.

à.2 Imbr {Xboë¶m n¶m©¶m§Vy Z ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ¶mo½¶ Agbobm n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m.? (PWD 2019) 1) ew„H$ H$maUm§déZ CÎma àXoe nmo{bgm§Zr EH$m ImgJr H§$nZrÀ¶m AYrH$mè¶mMr h˶m Ho$br ¶m KQ>ZoH$S>o Ho$di à.3 Imbr {Xboë¶m n¶m©¶m§Vy Z ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ¶mo½¶ Agbobm n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m. (PWD 2019) ˶m amÁ¶mVrb nmo{bgm§Mm ‘wOmoanUm BV³¶mM AWm©Zo 1) amOYmZr Zdr {X„rMr doerda eoVH$ar ¶oD$Z WS>H$ë¶mZ§Va nmhUo A¶mo½¶ R>aob H|$Ð gaH$maZo aã~r {nH$mÀ¶m h‘r^mdmV dmT> H$aʶmMm 2) ¶m A{YH$mè¶mg nmo{bgm§Zr ˶mMr ‘moQ>ma Wm§~dʶmMm AmXoe {Xbm. ˶mMm Ow‘mZbm Zmhr Am{U da niyZ CËVVao - 1 )1 2) 3 OmʶmMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm åhUyZ nmo{bgm§Zr WoQ> Jmoir KmbyZ CË 12

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

2) {dMma 춳V H$aʶmMo gmYZ {ZU©¶ KoVbm. 3) {b{hUo 2) ‘mÝgyZÀ¶m naVrMm àdmg AÚmn g§nbobm Zgbm, Var 4) g§^mfUmMr H$bm OyZ Vo gßQ>|~a ho Mma nmdgmir ‘{hZo amÁ¶mVrb 19 {Oëøm§gmR>r Odi Odi H$moaS>o Jobo. à.8 "V§~mIy' hm eãX H$moU˶m ^mfoVyZ ‘amR>rV Ambobm 3) g§nyU© ‘amR>dmS>çmH$S>;o VgoM npíM‘ d CÎma ‘hmamï´>mVrb Amho? (Yavatmal MNC 2016) H$mhr {Oëøm§H$S>o nmdgmZo nmR> {’$adë¶mZo {VWo aã~r 1) H$mZS>r 2) ’$magr nrHo$ hmVr bmJʶmMm e³¶Vm ZmhrM. 3) Aa~r 4) nmoVw©{JO 4) Am¡a§Jm~mX, ~rS> Am{U OmbZm ¶m§gma»¶m {Oëøm§Vrb à.9 XodZmJar {bnr AgUmè¶m ^mfm H$moU˶m? VrZ hOma Jmdm§‘ Yrb {nH$m§M r AmUo dmar nÞmg (Latur MNC 2016) Q>³³¶m§hÿZ H$‘r Amho. 1) ‘amR>r, JwOamVr, qhXr, g§ñH¥$V à.4 Imbr {Xboë¶m n¶m©¶m§VyZ ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ¶mo½¶ 2) ‘amR>r, [h§Xr, H$mZS>r, B§J«Or Agbobm n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m. (PWD 2019) 3) ‘amR>r, VobJy, qhXr, g§ñH¥$V 1) D$Om© Am{U g§ajU ¶m joÌmV {‘iob ˶mÀ¶mH$Sy>Z 4) ‘amR>r, H$mZS>r, JwOamVr, ~§Jmbr ‘XV ¿¶mdr; H$maU XmoÝhr joÌmV Amnbr ^y{‘H$m ’$³V à.10 ‘amR>r ^mfm Imbrbn¡H$s H$moU˶m ^mfm§nmgyZ ~Zbr J«mhH$ BVH$sM Amho. Amho? (Latur MNC 2016) 2) A‘o[aH$s Aܶjm§À¶m EAa’$mog© 1 À¶m {deof dmnamVrb 1) B§J«Or-g§ñH¥$V 2) H$mZS>r-qhXr A˶mYw{ZH$ V§ÌgÁO ho{bH$m°ßQ>g©À¶m Ho${~Ýg Q>mQ>m 3) g§ñH¥$V-àmH¥$V 4) g§ñH¥$V-‘amR>r H§$nZr h¡Xam~mX ¶oWo ~ZdVo. 3) VoOg ho EH$ Amnbo {d‘mZ. Vo 100 Q>¸o$ ^maVr¶ à.11 H$mhr H$mi ^mfobm ‘waS> KmbyZ {b{hʶmMr nÕV ApñVËdmV hmoVr, {Vbm ---- {bnr åhUVmV. Agmdo ¶mgmR>r Vã~b 1983 nmgyZ AmnU à¶ËZ gwê$ (Latur MNC 2016) AmhoV. na§Vw AOyZhr ˶mVrb 70 Q>¸o$ ¶§ÌUm naXoemVyZ 1) AY©‘mJYr 2) XodZmJar Am¶mV Ho$br OmVo. 3) nmbr 4) ‘moS>r 4) Amnbm OwZm, {dídmgy ‘XVZrg Agbobr a{e¶mH$Sy>Z AmnU Eg 400 hm jonZUmó ¶§ÌUm {dH$V KoʶmMm à.12 ^mfoMo ñnï>rH$aU H$aUmè¶m emómbm ---- åhUVmV. {ZU©¶ KoVbm. (Latur MNC 2016) 1) ì¶mH$aU 2) ^mfmemó à.5 ‘amR>r ^mfoMo boIZ AmnU --- {bnrV H$aVmo. 3) {bnr 4) ~mamIS>r (MIDC 2013) 1) AY©^mJYr 2) nmbr à.13 Imbr {Xboë¶m n¶m©¶m§VyZ ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo MwH$sMm 3) XodZmJar 4) ‘moS>r Agbobm n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m. (PWD 2018) 1) XþîH$mi doJdoJù¶m ñdénm§Mm AgVmo. nmʶmMm, YmݶmMm, à.6 "Vr narjm XoVo ' ¶m {dYmZmVrb AYmoa o{IV eãXmMo gmo¶rgw{dYm§Mm. H$Yr Amobm, Va H$Yr gwH$m Agy eH$Vmo. ì¶mH$aU Mmbdm. (Beed ZP 2013) 2) XþîH$mi doJdoJù¶m ñdénm§Mm AgVmo. nmUr, YmݶmMm, 1) gd©Zm‘ EH$dMZr órqbJ - H$‘© gmo¶rgw{dYm§. H$Yr Amobmga, Va H$Yr gw{H$. 2) {deof Zm‘ órqbJr EH$dMZr - H$Vm© 3) XþîH$mi doJdoJù¶m ñdénm§Mm Agy eH$Vmo. H$Yr nmʶmMm 3) gd©Zm‘, órqbJr, EH$dMZr - H$Vm© Va H$Yr YmݶmMm, H$Yr gmo¶rgw{dYm§Mm Va H$Yr Amobm 4) gd©Zm‘ órqbJr AZoH$dMZr - H$‘© à.7 ^mfm åhUOo ---1) ~mobUo

(Latur MNC 2016)

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

CËVa CËVaoo - 3)2 4)1 5)3 6)3 7)2 10 )3 11 11)) 4 12 )1 13 )2

8) 8)44 9)1 13

à.19 MyH$ H$s ~amo~a Vo gm§Jm. (Asst. Mains 2016) qH$dm gwH$m Agy eH$Vmo. 4) XþîH$mimMo ñdén doJdoJio Agy eH$Vo. CXmhaUmW©, Vmo A) àmMrZH$mir ^maVmV ~«m÷r Am{U Iamoð>r ¶m XmoZ {b߶m àMmamV hmo˶m. XþîH$mi H$Yr nmʶmMm Va H$Yr YmݶmMm, H$Yr gmo¶rgw{dYm§Mm Va H$Yr Amobm qH$dm gwH$m Agy eH$Vmo. ~) Iamoð>r hr Am¶© ^maVr¶ {bnr Amho. H$) ~«÷XodmZo {Z‘m©U Ho$boë¶m {bnrbm ~«m÷r{bnr åhUVmV. à.14 ‘amR>r ^mfoMo boIZ H$moU˶m {bnrV Ho$bo OmVo? ¶mo½¶ n¶m©¶ {ZdS>m. (Pune MNC 2014) 1) A d ~ ~amo~a 2) ~ d H$ MyH$ 1) ZmJar 2) ‘moS>r 3) A d H$ ~amo~a 4) ’$³V ~ ~amo~a 3) g§ñH¥$V 4) XodZmJar à.20 ‘amR>r ^mfog§X^m©Vrb nwT>rb H$moU Vo dm³¶ A¶mo½¶ à.15 ^mfm{df¶H$ H$m¡eë¶m§À¶m gmYmaUnUo {H$Vr nm¶è¶m Amho? (STI Mains 2016) AmhoV? (STI Mains 2017) 1) "‘amR>r Ago Am‘wMr ‘m¶~mobr' Ago à˶oH$ ‘amR>r 1) nmM 2) VrZ ^m{fH$mZo A{^‘mZmZo åhQ>bo nm{hOo. 3) Mma 4) XmoZ 2) ‘amR>r ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶mMr amO^mfm Amho. à.16 "‘amR>r ^mfm Jm¡ad {XZ' H$Yr AgVmo?(dAsst 2017) 3) qhXr hr ‘amR>r ^mfoMr OZZr Amhoo. 1) 1 ‘o 2) 15 Am°JñQ> 4) AmO ‘amR>r ^mfoÀ¶m boIZmgmR>r XodZmJar {bnrMm 3) 27 ’o$~«wdmar 4) 1 OmZodmar dmna hmoVmo à.17 {dMma, ^mdZm, AZw^d d H$ënZm 춳V H$aʶmMo à.21 ""^mfm hr Ho $ di g§d mXmMo M ‘mܶ‘ Zmhr, Va gmYZ åhUOo ---- hmo¶. (Clerk Typist 2017) gm{h˶mÀ¶m g§X^m©V Vr AmË‘{dîH$mamMo gd©lðo > ‘mܶ‘ 1) hmVdmao 2) ^mfm Amho.'' ( dPSI 2016) 3) {bnr 4) g§dmX 1) g§nyU© ~amo~a 2) g§nyU© MyH$ 3) nydm©Y© ~amo~a 4) CÎmamY© ~amo~a à.18 ‘amR>r ^mfm boIZmgmR>r --- {bnrMm dmna H$aVmV. (Clerk Typist 2017) CËVao - 1 4)4 15 )1 16) 6)33 17)2 18)1 19 19))3 1) XodZmJar 2) ~«÷r 2 0) 3 2 1) 1 3) gH$im 4) gw§Xam ***

14

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

Index

16

1

B{Vhmg

03

2

^yJmob

15

3

amÁ¶emó

35

4

gm‘mݶ {dkmZ

49

5

AW©emó

51

6

gamd àíZ B{Vhmg

60

7

gamd àíZ amÁ¶emó

72

8

gamd àíZ ^yJmob

92

9

gamd àíZ AW©emó

102

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

1) B{Vhmg

Non-Technical for Civil Engineering

17

5 {ejUg§ñWm :-

5 2) nmoñQ>o d Vmam¶§Ìo :

w qhXÿ H$m°coO 1821 (nwU)o {d붑 M°n{cZ w ~m°å~o EÁ¶wH$o eZ gmogm¶Q>r (1815) ga Mmc©g

‘oQ>H$m’$ w Engineering Institute Mumbai (1823) Om°O© [añQ>mo Om{d©g w 3 year Mm H$mog© nwU© H$ê$Z n{hcr VwH$S>r 1826 ‘ܶo ~mhoa nS>cr. w Epë’$ñQ>Z H$m°coO gwê$ Ho$co (1837) ‘ܶo. w {X ~moS>© Am°’$ EÁ¶wHo$eZMr ñWmnZm (1840) w emim VnmgUr A{YH$mar - ~miemór Om§^oH$a w ‘wctMr n{hcr emim (1848) ‘hmË‘m ’w$co. w Añn¥í¶m§gmR>r n{hcr emim (1851) ‘hmË‘m ’w$co. w ’w$c|Zm 11 ‘o 1888 amoOr "‘hmË‘m' hr nXdr.

5 w

w

5 d¥ÎmnÌo :1) "~|Jmc J°PoQ>' (1780) {hH$s g§nmXH$ 2) Q>o{cJ«m’$ (1796) 3) "H$cH$Îmm J°PoQ'> (1784)- Francis Gladwin w ‘hmamï´>mVrc d¥ÎmnÌo :1) "Xn©U' (6 OmZo. 1832)- n{hco ~miemór Om§^oH$a. 2) 1840 cm ~§X Ho$bo. 3) "{X½Xe©Z' (‘m{gH$) (1837)- g§nmXH$ ~miemór Om§^oH$a. 4) "à^mH$a' (1841) - ^mD$ ‘hmOZ 5) "B§X ÿàH$me' (1862) - {dîUw emór n§S>rV {dYdm{ddmh, ~mc{ddmh, Ho$ednZ ¶mda coIZ. 6) Native Opinion (1863) - {d. Zm. ‘§S>{cH$.

5 aoëdo, nmoñQ> d Vmam¶§Ìo : 1) aoëdo : 1) ‘w~§ B© Vo H$ë¶mU aoëdo. 2) Great Indian Peninsula Railway H§$nZr H$S>o Contract

3) 16 E{àc 1853 amoOr Am{e¶mVrc n{hcr aoëdo ‘w§~B©(~moa~§Xa)Vo R>mUo Ymdcr. 4) 20 ‘¡cm§Mo A§Va 55 {‘{ZQ>o cmJcr. 5) g§Ü¶mH$mir 5 cm ‘w§~B©VyZ gwê$ Pmcr. 18

5 w

1) 1830 gmcr H§$nZrZo nwUo-nZdoc ‘mJm©da nhrcr ‘oc H$mQ>© gwê$ Ho$cr. 2) 1812 {d붑 H°$ao ¶mZo ~m¶~cMo ‘amR>rV ^mfm§Va Ho$bo. 3) 1808 am°~Q>© Q´>‘§S> ‘amR>r ì¶mH$aU d eãXH$moe à{gÕ Ho$cm. gm‘m{OH$ gwYmaUm§Mr Zm§Xr :{~«Q>re {‘eZè¶m§Mo H$m¶© :1) MmQ>©a A°³Q> 1833 Y‘©àgmamg {‘eZè¶m§Zm H§$nZrÀ¶m nadmZJrMr JaO amhrcr Zmhr. 2) ga Mmc©g J«±Q> (1792) B§J«Or {ejU hmM {¼íMZ Y‘©àgma qhXþñWmZmV B§J«Or {ejUmMr gwédmV :1) ga {d붑 OmoÝg- 1784 E{e¶m{Q>H$ gmogm¶Q>r ñWmnZm (H$cH$Îmm). 2) OmoZmWZ S>§H$Z - g§ñH¥$V H$m°cOo (dmamUgr) 3) {d붑 H°$ar - ~§Jmc d ‘Ðmg ¶oWo B§J«Or emim gwé Ho$ë¶m. ~m¶~cMo ~§Jmcr ^mfmV ê$nm§Va. 3) qhXr d¥ÎmnÌo : "~§Jmc J°PoQ>' (1780)- Oo. E. {hH$s ¶mZo h>opñQ>¨JÀ¶m Owc‘rnUmda {Q>H$m H$aʶmgmR>r B§{S>¶Z dëS>© - Sw>EZ Sw>b ømMo hmoVo. H$m°Z© dm°{cg À¶m {dê$Õ. "Q>o{cJ«m’$' (1796)- ‘°{H$Ýco (g§nmXH$) "g‘mMma Xn©U' (1818)- ~§Jmcr ^mfoVrc n{hco Xoer d¥ÎmnÌ. 20 ì¶m eVH$mÀ¶m àma§^rMm d¥ÎmnÌ {dH$mg : 1) ~m°å ~o H« $m°{ ZH$c (gmám{hH$ 1913gmbr){’$amoOehm ‘ohVm. 2) "crS>a' (d¥ÎmnÌ)- Acmhm~mX ‘XZ‘mohZ ‘mcdr¶ 3) "ݶw B§{S>¶m' (‘Ðmg ñQ>°S>S>©)- S>m°. A°Zr ~oP§Q>. 4) "gìhªQ> Am°’$ B...