CJJ 2001 Chapter 2 pdf PDF

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CJJ 2001 Introduction to Juvenile Procedures Chapter 2 History of the Juvenile Justice System

1. What is the significance of the case of Ex Parte Crouse? The case of Ex Parte Crouse, was the first court case that ruled parens patriae constitutional. Parens patriae is a legal doctrine, where the state has the ability to play the role of a parent, if the parent is not capable in being a parent or unable to control the child. The Ex Parte Crouse case provided a foundation to the juvenile justice system. It provided a new perspective to juveniles toward rehabilitation rather than punishing them.

2. Do you think we need a separate court for juveniles accused of delinquency? Why or why not? I believe that a separation of courts for juveniles accused of delinquency is needed. A separation of juvenile justice systems are not constitutional guaranteed, where states could abolish the system in their state but without it, it would be difficult and would cost a lot. The juvenile justice system provides services for treatment and care toward rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is recalled as much easily and cost efficient than putting adults in prison.

3. Who were the Child Savers and what role did they play in the development of the juvenile justice system? The Child Savers were a group of members that consisted of women, Jane Addams and Julia Lathrop. These members provided a strong impact toward the separation of the juvenile justice system. They also provided addition rehabilitation to child labor practices, child abuse, runaways, and new immigrated children.

4. What are the differing opinions given as to why the juvenile justice system was created in the United States? Some of the opinions that created the juvenile justice system was based under the Child Savers, an increase in delinquency, and the goal to make juveniles into hard workers. The Child Savers were a group of women who believed that rehabilitation was not only for trouble juveniles, but also for runaways, homeless children, child labor practices and new immigrated children. There assumption was based off of long imprisonments and taking away children from poor environments. An increase in delinquency, provided an assumption of looking into the settings of the juvenile is living and rehabilitate the ones who need help. Based off the Puritans, their ideology also help shape the system by turning juveniles into hard workers.

5. What was the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899? The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 was the first law that provided the ability to separate the juvenile justice system. This law, prohibits incarnation of juveniles at the age of 16 and under with adults. It provided a separation of courts, procedures, and records for juveniles.

6. What is Anthony Platt’s alternative view of the juvenile court and the child savers? Anthony Platt’s alternative view of the juvenile court and the court savers consisted of three concepts: Platt believed that juveniles needed a “firm control and restraint” when trying to rehabilitate. Platt believed that the child savers wanted to increase the prison time, which did not help with the program. He also included that the setting of a middle-class or high-class home could not be changed to help better the life of juveniles. He finally agreed about the flaw of the child savers’ method of blurring the state of juveniles and providing no due process in the system.

7. Describe the difference between the determinate sentence and the indeterminate sentence as it relates to juveniles. The determinate sentence is based under the punitive model in the 1970s, when the Juvenile Justice system was ineffective to violent crimes and repeated offenders. The assumption of giving an specify amount of time juveniles have to serve would help reduce delinquency after the first time. Indeterminate sentencing is not giving a specify amount of time a person has to serve because rehabilitating would be under the assumption of not giving a specify time that it would take to rehabilitate an individual.

8. What was the Balanced Juvenile Justice and Crime Prevention Act? The Balanced Juvenile Justice and Crime Prevention Act of 1996 consist of a solid framework of assumptions from the 1970s and 1980s that help provide a strong Juvenile Justice system. It consist of assumptions toward violent juvenile crimes, gangs, drugs and guns, and the approach to help build an effective system to stop the delinquency in juveniles.

9. Historically, how were juveniles treated before the juvenile justice system was created? Before the Juvenile Justice system was created, juveniles were treated the same as an adult in the criminal justice system. Juveniles were put into adult prisons and was treated badly. Juveniles were labeled as chattel, which meant property that could be bought and sold by parents. Under the English common law, children who at the age of seven or over were accounted for as a criminal act.

10. Explain the concept of parens patriae and in loco parentis. The concept of paren patriae is when the state, “acts as the parent” because the parents are unfit to the children or they are unable to control their children. In loco parentis allows the concept of paren patriae where the state acts as the parents by taking away custody for the safety of the child or to save the child....