CJUS 451 Review Exam 1 - Alexis Norris PDF

Title CJUS 451 Review Exam 1 - Alexis Norris
Course Women and Crime
Institution California State University San Bernardino
Pages 3
File Size 104.4 KB
File Type PDF
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Alexis Norris...


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CJUS 451 Midterm Intersectionality: Must consider power hierarchy, multiracial feminism, relationships and the intersecting system before assuming it works for every woman. Feminist Methodology: Fails to recognize what it means to be a woman in society, it lacks context. 5 Basic Principles; Acknowledge that gender has an impact on society, Challenge the traditional methods, Increase Awareness in the method process, Empower women through research, Research awareness of costs and protection. It is the framework for studying underrepresented groups by giving them a voice, accounting for their emotions and values. Multiracial Feminism: Is a feminist theory that focused on the social constructs on different social groups, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, native American women, and their advantages and powers. Not all women are the same, they have a differing childhood, race, poor/rich, etc. Pathways Theory: The pathway to crime is different for girls, physical and sexual abuse leads to psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, violent outbreaks; Early Exposure: Family environment Early Victimization: Trauma, Reoccurring Social Marginalization: Unemployed, lack of skills, homeless Mental Health: Mental Health Issues, Self-Medicating Relationships: The person they are with led them to do so 6 Key Principles: Gender: Men and women commit the same types of crimes but commit them for different reasons. Must understand the different pathways, women’s pathways are extremely different from men’s. They also respond to treatment different ways, so you cannot offer them the same types of treatment. Environment: Tends to focus primarily on the need for officials to create a safe place for these women, somewhere they feel safe with people they trust. The more women feel safe, and trustworthy the more effective their rehabilitation will be. Relationships: This tends to be very important to women, creating that sense of family and connections tends to help these women. They need to feel supported and empowered to do better. By getting family members and individuals involved this helps. Services and Supervision: This leads to addressing the traumas that led these women into the system in the first place. They need to understand that most of these traumas are cooccurring events and implement programs that address all of these issues. Socioeconomic Status: Most women turn to criminal activity as a survival technique, these women are undereducated, unemployed, homeless, live in poverty, have limited assistance and lack vocational resources. Must implement programs to help develop these skills and help get them back on their feet to limit the number of women reentering. Community: The idea that the community needs to make collaborative relationships with providers to create wraparound services that will help these women successfully Transition. Risk Factors off Prostitution: abandonment, abuse, addiction, poverty

Women and Property Crimes: Women tend to be more involved in theft, fraud, and forgery. Typically due to substance abuse. DRUGS ARE THE MOST COMMON FACTOR IN FEMALE PROPERTY OFFENDING Girls in Gangs: Tend to join for the same reasons as boys, lack of opportunity, protection, FAMILY. Girls who do join have troubling histories such as family issues. Gender and Violent Crimes: Females are more likely to kill someone they know, partners or children Filicide: A parent who kills his or her child within the first year of life. They kill for many reasons: Altruistic: Pressure to be a good mom, pressure of being a sole caretaker Psychotic Offender: Postpartum Unwanted Infant, Accidental Death, Used as Revenge Processing and Sentencing: Gender bias can occur in two different ways 1. women can receive lenient treatment as a result of their gender 2. women may be treated harsher as a result of their gender Stage of the Criminal Justice System: Effects of legal factors ( sentencing): offense severity, criminal history, level of victim injury Effects of extralegal factors: community ties, ability to hire an attorney Pre-trail release: women were less likely to be detained, viewed as less dangerous, ties to the community, receive lower bail amounts, women of color usually won't be able to afford it * sentencing is similar they are lenient depending on the seriousness of the crime committed Impact of sentencing guidelines: wide judicial discretion led to the lack of consistency in sentencing. instituted to regulate practices and eliminate bias Historical context of female prisons: early on women where housed in a separate unit within a male prison. conditions:over crowded , physical and sexual abuse, unmonitored time with male inmates ( causes of pregnancy) The Mount Pleasant Annex(1839):FIRST FACILITY FOR FEMALES. LOCATED ON THE GROUNDS OF A MALE PENITENTIARY IN NEW YORK still under the supervision of male administrators and guards Prison reforms: Elizabeth Fry, inspiration to women in the United States, Innovationrehabilitation, obedience, religion education, challenged rampant sexual abuse Indiana womens Prison (1873): first stand-alone female prison in the United States -First maximum-security prison for women, female GUARDS

Reformatory:intent to rehabilitate women, improve their moral character, unladylike offenses, indeterminate sentences, until reformed, Reserved for white, working-class women, Had female guards and administrators, Programming is seen as "patriarchy at its finest"

Adoption and safe families act 1997: termination of parents rights after 15months, issue with stricter sentencing Throwaway moms 2010: parenting, crack cocaine, child welfare involvement, revolving door of incarceration, recidivism, and homelessness, mental health issues Welfare reform act of 1996: impact of ban on drug offenders, no food stamps, public housing, section 8, residential impact on children What a Girl Needs Article:...


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