Class and Inequality - Vocab PDF

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Essentials of Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for the Global Age 2e...

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Class and Inequality - Vocab Tuesday, April 27, 2021

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10:05 AM

Class: a system of power based on wealth, income, and status that creates an unequal distribution of a society's resources Egalitarian society: a group based on the sharing of resources to ensure success with a relative absence of hierarchy and violence Reciprocity: the exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status; meant to create and reinforce social ties Ranked society: a group in which wealth is not stratified but prestige and status are Redistribution: a form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern Potlatch: elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest Bourgeoisie: Marxist term for the capitalist class that owns the means of production Means of production: the factories, machines, tools, raw materials, land, and financial capital needed to make things Proletariat: Marxist term for the class of laborers who only own their labor Prestige: the reputation, influence, and deference bestowed on certain people because of their membership in certain groups Life chances: an individual's opportunities to improve quality of life and realize life goals Social mobility: the movement of one's class position, upward or downward, in stratified societies Social reproduction: the phenomenon whereby social and class relations of prestige or lack of prestige are passed

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from one generation to the next Habitus: Bourdieu's term to describe the self-perceptions, sensibilities, and tastes developed in response to external influences over a lifetime that shape one's conceptions of the world and where one fits in it Cultural capital: the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society Intersectionality: an analytic framework for assessing how factors such as race, gender, and class interact to shape individual life chances and societal patters of stratification Income: what people earn from work, plus dividends and interest on investments, along with rents and royalties Wealth: the total value of what someone owns, minus any debt...