Classical Conditioning 2 PDF

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Lecture 2Part 2 : types of conditioning and human studiesFear conditioning - Amygdala Conditioned emotional response CER : emotional reaction (pain/fear) to a previously ne Vicarious classical conditioning : emotional response based on observation of another's Phobia : persisting fear when no realis...

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Classical Conditioning Lecture 2 Part 2 : types of conditioning and human studies Fear conditioning - Amygdala • Conditioned emotional response CER : emotional reaction (pain/fear) to a previously • Vicarious classical conditioning : emotional response based on observation of anothe • Phobia : persisting fear when no realistic danger exists • Desensitisation : exposing phobic people to feared stimuli while calm and relaxed Measuring fear • Skin conductance response (SCR) - Sweat conducts electricity - Lie detectors - Can show masked presentation of phobia and will cause subconscious fear response a Conditioned phobias - Establishment of CER - Phobia : transition of stimulus from neutral to conditioned NS -> CS - E.g. PTSD Treatment - Reduce severity of CR -> CS (manipulate/weaken original memory) - Transition of CS -> neutral (enhance extinction) 1. CBT : cognitive behavioural therapy 2. Prolonged exposure 3. Psychopharmacology - sertraline, fluoxetine, paroxetine Part 3 : fear conditioning in rodents and brain regions involved Key brain regions involved Exerts top-d regulate ap Provides contextual activity of other limb Integrates informatio stimuli to launch imm

neutral stimulus r's emotional reaction

and increased SKR

down control over subcortical structures to ppropriate behavioural responses and spatial information to modulate bic and cortical structures on about aversive and fear-associated mediate fear response

Integrates information abou stimuli to generate a sustain Processes sensory info and fear-associated st Fear conditioning in rodents - Fear conditioning : neutral cue (CS) paired with aversive stimulus (US) - Contextual fear conditioning : foot shock paired with context - Auditory fear conditioning : foot shock (US) paired with tone (CS) -> elicits fear (CR) Auditory fear memory circuitry LA = lateral nucleus of amygdala CE = central nucleus of amygdala CG = central grey LH = lateral hypothalamus PVN = paraventricular hypothalamus

Acquisition of fear memory CS and US input to basolateral amygdala (BLA) CS (context) input via hippocampus or hippocampus-PFC The BLA projects to CEA to induce fear response

Extinction of fear memory

ut aversive and fear-associated ned fear response ormation about aversive imuli

CS input directly to amygdala or indirectly via hippocam Medial and infralimbic PFC receive input about CS and p Inhibitory neurones dampen activity of CEA fear neurone Extinction is new competing memory 1. Reinstatement 2. Renewal 3. Spontaneous recovery

pus roject to CEA via inhibitory neurones es...