CNCSP 110 - 2. Major Career Theories PDF

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Took this class with Professor Morgan...

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Major Career Theories: An Introduction John Holland - Vocational Personality Theory (1959) • Emphasizes factors that impact choices at any given time (i.e focuses on “now”) • In choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around others who are like them • People search for environments that will let them use their skills and abilities, and express their attitudes and values, while taking on enjoyable problems and roles • Behavior is determined by an interaction between personality and environment • It’s more important to find your personality before finding a career • Work environments are described as six main types • Personalities of individuals are described as six main types • Realistic • Investigative • Artistic • Social • Enterprising • Conventional Donald Super’s Theory • Emphasis on the importance of the development of self-concept • Self-concept changes over time, and develops as a result of experience • Self-concept mediates your career • Career development is lifelong (calls it the life career rainbow) • About people throughout their work life and their self-concept • Throughout time, people’s self-concept gets stronger because you figure out more and more about yourself as you get older and have different experiences Savicka’s Career Construction Theory • Concerned with how individuals understand and develop career behavior through personal meaning, which is highly influenced, if not determined, by social values • The meaning that individuals bring to career is constructed through their view of reality; in other words what is important to them in their personal and social situation • In that sense ‘reality’ is a construction based on personal values and a view of the world that is sited within a social context • Career construction involves people making choices for transitions, based on their personality traits, the development of their self concept and the influences of the social context they inhabit • Personality vs Values • Sometimes your values and personality can conflict in finding a job • Someone wanting to be in a high prestige business vs a professor Herzberg’s two factor theory of work motivation: job satisfaction (job-content - intrinsic nature of the work) and job dissatisfaction (job-context -- extrinsic aspects of the work) • Need both to be happy at a job • Ex: you love the job but it’s a long commute, you love the job but it doesn’t pay enough Social Cognitive Career Theory • To achieve career success it takes: action, effort, persistence

**but AEPs are produced by beliefs • Self-efficacy expectations: the expectation that you are capable of successfully executing the behavior necessary in order to attain a particular outcome • What do you think you are capable of doing? • The way you think about your job • Self efficacy - your confidence to be able to complete a task and solve problems effectively • Outcome expectations: the expectations that you will attain certain outcomes after you successfully execute the behaviors necessary • What do you think the outcome will be? • What you want out of your job • Self-efficacy + outcome expectations = agency (you believe you can do something by yourself) • Parents value agency in their children • Self efficacy & outcome expectations result from learning experience • The way you think about your job influences how you do in it 4 learning experiences • Personal performance accomplishments • Vicarious learning experiences • Social persuasion - someone convinced you that you can do it • Physiological & affective state Key Takeaways • You can control your learning experiences • Expectations are domain-specific • What you expect yourself to do in one area is different from another area and that’s okay • Forethought is powerful •...