COMM 533 Review Concepts.Spring 2017 PDF

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Professor Victoria Chen...

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COMM 533 Review Concepts Sources

Phillips & Wallace (1992) Lecture & week 1 handout Arthos (2013) on the just use of propaganda

Bowen & Lawler (1992) on empowering service workers Buzzanell & D’Enbeau (2013) on creativity and meaningful work in Mad Men

Chory-Asaad (2002) on teacher fairness & students’ justice perceptions, affective learning, & motivation Cruz (2015) Dirty work intersects gender, class, nation

Key Ideas

ARTICLES ASSIGNED FOR EVERYONE -Three levels of functional maturity at work (instructive, interactive, and consultative phase). -Some rewards & challenges @each phase -Three steps by which hegemony rules -Deconstructing hegemonic ideologies -Buber’s demands of genuine dialogue -Ethical gradations for persuasion, from dialogic ethics through metis, expedience, & strategic instrumentalism -Suggestions for using a relativist morality. -Production line v. empowerment approach; benefits & costs of empowering employees; -Three levels of involvement for service employees; -Five contingencies that managers should use to decide how/whether to involve employees. -Defining meaningful & meaningless work; -How organizational processes & cultural representations implicate one another; -Cultural socialization as organizational pre-socialization; -Themes: (1) hierarchies in the nature & meaningfulness of types of work; (2) narrative practices as meaningful work in Mad Men; and (3) how meaningful work discourse gets used to navigate workplace politics & moral dilemmas. - Procedural, distributive, and interactional justice; - Emotional response theory & relational transgressions; -Justice views impact learning outcomes (e.g., learning, motivation, aggression towards instructor) -Face-threatening behavior in organizations

- African feminist theory; intersectionality in this study; - Liberian market women’s work as dirty work; - oppositional logic of civilized discourse and empowerment discourse;

- How market women framed their work as empowering after the Liberian civil war, and themselves as community keepers.

D’Enbeau & Kunkel (2013)

-Paradox of consistency between internal versus external organizational communication policies & practices, or

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Links to MYfinal Project

Paradox in domestic violence prevention projects DeTurk (2012) Allies in action (i.e., more privileged persons aiming to empower less privileged persons) Harms & Roebuck (2010) BET & BEAR +/-feedback

Laloux (2014) Future of management is teal

Lucas (2011) Working class promise v. American Dream & mobility-based ambivalences Rogers & Singhal (2003) on organizing for social change

between organizational practices & goals; -Paradox of transparency (i.e., efforts to combat ambiguity may lead to confusion); -How much support is too much? -Emotional toll of empowering others. -Characteristics of ally relationships; -Why Whiteness is an ideology that may inhibit alliances; -Symbolic, social & cultural capital; -How allies and the targets of discriminatory rhetoric respond differently, and why; -Tactic allies use to interrupt stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination against others; -Dialectic tensions experienced by allies. -“…the only task more difficult than receiving performance feedback is giving performance feedback” (p. 170); -BET: Behavior, Effect, Thank You -BEAR: Behavior, Effect, Alternative, and Result. -Tips for success in +/- feedback. -Organization disillusionment & relationship to [dis]empowerment; -Evolving organizational paradigms & related concepts (division of labor; command authority; scalability; strategy; meritocracy; replicability); -Org. structure, leadership style, core management processes & compensation as cues to each color’s paradigm; -Nature of teal: Emphases on self-management, evolutionary purpose, & wholeness. -Blue-collar workers’ mobility-based ambivalence; -Social construction of working class based on strong work ethic, provider orientation, the dignity of all work and workers, and humility. -How American Dream & Working Class Promise overlap & how they diverge from one another. -Empowerment as self-efficacy v. collective-efficacy (Bandura, 1997); -Dialogic interactions (Friere, 1968); -Saul Alinsky’s advice: (1) Disillusionment; (2) never do for another what she can do for herself; -Collective empowerment projects in India, Bangladesh & Thailand; -How people collectively organize social change in order to accomplish goals they cannot achieve individually.

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Thomas (2001) on mentoring; race matters

- Cross-race issues in mentor-protégé relationships; - Three-stage model of rise to executive level management, and how minority and white candidates’ patterns of movement thru stages varied; -Role of mentors at each stage of the model. PRESENTATIONS & FORUM POSTS Anderson & Huang -Customer relationship management in a service economy; (2006) on - Feeling v. being empowered; empowering sales -Management strategies for empowering employees. people Balcazar et al. -Group advocacy training as an empowerment (1990) on intervention for people with disabilities. advocacy skills for -The Independent Living Movement as an empowerment group’s selfproject; -Reporting disempowering conditions, and running empowerment meetings that facilitate collective action. -Difference between constructive & destructive criticism; Baron (1988) -Effect of destructive criticism on task performance, effects of efficacy & workplace conflict destructive criticism at work - Why mentor-mentee relationships contribute to Barrowclaugh empowerment; (2011) on -Two struggles in adult-adolescent mentor-mentee mentoring relationships: (a) defining boundaries & roles; (b) negotiating the freedom-control dialectic tension. Bartlett & Coulson - Five empowerment processes in online support groups (OSGs) for people with chronic illnesses (i.e., information exchange, (2011). Online social support, comparison with others, helping others, sharing support groups as experiences). empowerment - Empowerment outcomes associated with participation in OSGs intervention (i.e., feeling better informed; helping others; exchanging information; sharing information with healthcare providers).

Block (1987) Negotiating with allies & adversaries Bolkan et al. (2013) on classroom complaints

-Roles = allies, adversaries, bedfellows, fence-sitters, & opponents. -How to negotiate with other people based on levels of relational trust and agreement about goals. - Top 2 complaints of students about their teachers; - Main reason students fail to express complaints to teachers (rhetorical dissent) was low efficacy; -

Cashdan (1998) on NV behavior, power, and status

- Definitions of power and sociometric status; - Open body posture related to gender & frequency of talk - Smiling’s relationship to power & sociometric status.

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Conger & Kanungo (1988) theorizing employee empowerment as a process Fairhurst & Snavely (1983). Majority & token group minority relationships: Power acquisition Favero & Heath (2012) generational perspectives at work Gilpin (2008) on Dress for Success empowerment intervention Kark et al. (2003) Two faces of transformational leadership

Kline (2009) on pro-social self help LeGreco (2012) on social constructions of organizational policies Men (2014) on Transformational leadership Muir (2010) on Your rights at

- Readiness for empowerment (5-stage model) - Management view of empowerment as power-sharing (e.g., delegation); -Relational & motivational views of empowerment -Skills required for empowering leaders - Argument that numerical minority status (token) does not determine empowerment; rather expertise & effort can moderate a person’s structural power. -Definition of power as others’ dependency on the person; -Difference between power and control. -High visibility, performance pressure, loyalty tests & role entrapment as consequences of token status in org. -Different generations of working women define and negotiate work and life. -Boomers: women born post WWII -Socioeconomic insecurity allows us to learn survival skills while those with SES security can focus more on volunteering, pursuing education, etc. -DFS non-profit as an empowerment intervention; -Hegemonic masculinity as a constraint of DFS attempts to provide women returning to work with attire; -Empowerment interventions as enabling and constraining those they intend to aid. - Definition & 4 parts of transformational leadership; -Definition of transactional leadership; -How personal and social identification moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and empowerment vs. dependency. - Discursive characteristics of pro-social self-help (i.e., collective; social parity; gaining knowledge from shared experiences) - 5-stage circuit of policy communication (discursive practice) -Role of reflexivity, paradox, ambiguity and unintended consequences in writing org. policies -How policies are linked to webs of other policies (e.g., org., industry, local, state, federal levels) -Characteristics of transformational leaders; -How TL relates to employee empowerment (EE); -Communication channel use & EE. -Unions as a structure for empowering workers -Worker rights re: privacy and surveillance of tech use at

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work campaign

Nebling & Jochem (2010). Critical health literacy for empowerment

Nettleton (2011) on how domestic violence is represented in women’s & men’s magazines Papa et al. (1997) on masking discipline Puhl, et al. (2013) on media representations of obesity Songe-Mueller (2012) on empowerment in a multicultural society

Stavrositu & Sundar (2012) on blogging for empowerment Wan-Hsiu (2011) minority targeted ads as pathways to empowerment Daft & Lengel

work -Employment discrimination & whistle-blowing protection in the U.S. -Harassment law in the U.S. (i.e., quid pro quo; hostile climate) - Ethical and economic relevance of empowerment in healthcare; links to social capital. -3 parts of Critical health literacy (CHL) including handling health-related information; emerging preferences and communication about them; locating and accessing quality healthcare providers; -How organizations can promote CHL -How to analyze media representations to critique hegemonic ideologies; -Using both what is present and what is absent to show how hegemonic discourses work; -Some differences in how domestic violence is represented in media targeted to M/F audiences. -Concertive control; -Empowerment as perception & process; -Identification & empowerment as masking discipline in organizations. - Stigma, weight bias, and visual framing theory. -How these concepts work in relation to media representations of obesity, as well as other social group memberships or identities. -Boal’s Solidarity Forum, or Theater of the Oppressed as an intervention tactic for community empowerment; -Role-switching as perspective-giving; -Reflection and acknowledgement as potentially empowering interactions. -Paradox: Being vulnerable in order to be empowered; stopping oppression without becoming the oppressor. -Building sense of agency & sense of community through blogging (what kinds of responses mattered for each outcome) -Personal online journals v. filtered blogs. - Paradox of [dis]empowering representations being arguably better than invisibility for group identities; -Consumerist activism -Stigma and empowerment. A FEW OTHER TIDBITS -Media richness & effective channel choice based on task

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(1986) French & Raven’s (1959) power bases Brown & Levinson (1978), Lim & Bowers (1992) on face-work

ambiguity & complexity -Expert, reward, legitimate, referent, and coercive power.

-What is facework? (+/-, competence, autonomy, fellowship) -What are face-threats? -How does face-work relate to empowerment? -What

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Articles no one chose this year, but which appear on the contract reading list: Crabtree (1998) mutual empowerment & social justice in El Salvador & Nicaragua Eastland (1994) Jurgen Habermas on empowerment for people recovering from addictions

Gardner & Martinko (1982) on learned helplessness

Men & Stacks (2013) Leadership style, employee empowerment, organizational reputation

Loehwing (2010) on media representations of homeless people

- Service learning as empowerment project; - Cross-cultural participatory development efforts; - Personal growth via sojourner experiences linked to empowerment; - Four dimensions of empowerment (p. 194) - 12-step recovery programs as personal & interpersonal empowerment projects; - False consciousness (hegemony) leading people to see themselves as powerless; - Interpenetration of individuals & larger social systems; self-reflection & dyadic relations as ways to resist. - Ideal speech situation: Ability to challenge others’ validity claims in order to be empowered. - Poor performance has a coloration with helplessness. - “Alternative explanation” for “passive maladaptive behavior within organization” by examining the individual experience and reaction. - Used social learning theory as the basis of model. - Attributes outcome: ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck/chance. - Transformational v. transactional leadership styles (definition & communication characteristics); - Competence empowerment v. control empowerment; - How TL and employee empowerment impact employees’ perception of organization reputation. - Paradox in empowering homeless people (i.e., present v. future-tense actions & concerns); - How social problems are represented in popular discourses; - Common political destiny of homeless & housed citizens.

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