Common Parasitology Terminologies PDF

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Gio Treb V. Rivera Clinical ParasitologyTerminologies: Parasitism - Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense. Commensalism - Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other. Mutualism - Ass...

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Gio Treb V. Rivera

Clinical Parasitology

Terminologies: 1. Parasitism - Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other’s expense. 2. Commensalism - Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other. 3. Mutualism - Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both. 4. Symbiosis - Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species. 5. Infestation - Invasion of arthropods in or on the skin or hair of a host. 6. Erratic – parasite that wanders in to an organ in which it is not usually found. 7. Autoinfection - The infection of a primary host with a parasite, particularly a helminth, in such a way that the complete life cycle of the parasite happens in a single organism. Premature transformation of noninfective larvae (rhabditiform, 0.25 mm × 0.015 mm) into infective larvae (filariform, 0.5 mm × 0.015 mm), which can penetrate the intestinal mucosa (internal autoinfection) or the skin of the perineal area (external autoinfection), thus establishing a developmental (parasitic) cycle within the host. Infection can be maintained by repeated migratory cycles for the remainder of the host’s life. 8. Superinfection - where an already-infected host is infected by another parasite. The infection is occurring after or on top of an earlier infection, especially following treatment with broadspectrum antibiotics. 9. Coinfection - one parasite can be a driver of outbreaks of other parasites. 10.Obligate parasite - Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host. 11. Facultative parasite - Parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host. 12.Accidental/incidental parasite - An incidental parasite is one that establishes itself in a host in which it does not ordinarily live. 13.Hermaphroditic - Parasites capable of self-fertilization. Each tapeworm segment contains both male and female reproductive organs. 14.Spurious – (false parasites) some free-living organisms or parasites of animals that are recovered from human feces not due to true parasitism. 15.Ectoparasite – Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface of its host. 16.Endoparasite – Parasite that is established inside the body. 17.Oviparous – Parasites that lay egg. 18.Ovoviviparous - Parasites that lay eggs with in the host & hatching to larvae takes place within the mother’s body and then the larvae are released. 19.Larviparous - Parasites that lay larvae with in the host. 20.Intermediate host - Host in which the larval asexual phase of parasite development occurs. 21.Definitive host - Host in which the adult sexual phase of parasite development occurs.

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22.Reservoir host - Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected. 23.Paratenic host - a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host, i.e. it is not necessary for the completion of the parasite’s life cycle. This is a host in which the immature stage of the parasite does not normally undergo development but only remains encysted until the paratenic host is consumed by the final host. 24.Sporadic - refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. 25.Endemic - refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. 26.Epidemic - refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. 27.Pandemic - refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. 28.Zoonotic infection – Disease or infections of animals that is transmissible to humans. 29.Pre-patent period - the period between infection with a parasite and the demonstration of the parasite in the body especially as determined by the recovery of an infective form (as oocysts or eggs) from the blood or feces. 30.Incubation period - time between infection and the first appearance of clinical symptoms. 31.Night soil - human feces used especially for fertilizing the soil. 32.Eosinophilia - an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, occurring in response to some allergens, drugs, and parasites, and in some types of leukemia. 33.Neutrophil - Neutrophils provide the first line of defense of the innate immune system by phagocytosing, killing, and digesting bacteria and fungi. 34.Coprozoic - living in feces. The parasites which pass through digestive tract without infecting the host. 35.Amphid chemoreceptors - Amphids are chemoreceptors located in shallow anterior depressions or pits 36.Phasmid chemoreceptors - set of chemoreceptors at the posterior end. 37.Charcot-Leyden crystals - microscopic crystals composed of eosinophil protein galectin-10 found in people who have allergic diseases such as asthma or parasitic infections such as parasitic pneumonia or ascariasis. 38.Deworming - the giving of an anthelmintic drug to a human or animal to rid them of helminths parasites, such as roundworm, flukes and tapeworm.

References: Zeibig, E. A. (2013). Clinical parasitology: A practical approach. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html

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