Parasitology Comprehensive Table PDF

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Summary

PARASITE A.K. EGG ADULT INFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC HOST LOC.INT HOST2 NDINT HOST PATHOLOGY MOT PHIL Tx Trichuris trichiuraWhip wormBarrel-S, 2 plugs unembryoM – curved 360 F – blunt; stichocytesEmbryonated Egg in soil/fecesembryonated in soilDFS Unembryo eggs in fecesLI, Whip inserted into wallno migratio...

Description

PARASITE

Trichuris trichiura

A.K.A.

EGG

Whip worm

INFECTIVE

Embryonated Egg in soil/feces

Barrel-S, 2 plugs unembryo Enterobius Vermicularis

ADULT

M – curved 360 F – blunt; stichocytes

Seat Worm

D-shape, football

spindle-S, cephalic ala, corpus, isthmus, bulb M – curved tail F – pointd tail

Trichinella Spiralis

DFS Unembryo eggs in feces

Encysted larvae in Inad cooked pork

HOST LOC.

LI, Whip inserted into wall no migration phase to lungs

embryonated in soil Embryonated ova

Pin worm

DIAGNOSTIC

Scotch tape Swab

Ileum of SI, Cecum,LI man

Embryonated Eggs

Gravid female Migrates to Perianal area

Tissue biopsy

Muscle tissue of man, pigs

Xenodiagnosis

larva – w/ spearlike burrowing tip

Bachman Intradermal test

thread-like ; F – blunt; M – curved w/ 2 lobular appendages; A-end- non-papillated

INT HOST

2NDINT HOST

PATHOLOGY

-Prolapse of Anus -IDA, Alb, D -Sometimes appendicitis -symptoms due to unique mode of attachment 1) site - ulceration 2) eggs - prupritus 3) migration -vulvuvag & salphingitis

-Rheumatic pain (intestinal flu) - M eosin -swollen eyelids -3 stages of inf: intest,larval,encap -Stage of conval - death due to Myocard or enceph

MOT

F-O-R (fecaloral route)

H-M (handmouth)

PHIL

Tx

Yup

Albendazole

80-90%

Mebendazole

warm, tropical regions Yup (F>M)

OxantelPyrantel Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate

inhalation Retro infection Ingestion of encysted larvae in pork

yup

Thiabendazole Corticosteroid (for allergic rxn)

Mebendazole ? Ref (5F 20d, 20F10d, 20F 6d)

Capillaria Philippinensis

Larva in raw fish Eggs embryonate in Fresh water peanut shape

Ascaris Lumbricoides Most common Intestinal nematode Ancyclostoma Duodenale

DFS -eggs (E) -larva (L) -adults (A)

embryonated eggs in F typical F – 8 in 1 row atypical F – 40 in 2 M – w/ chitin spicule Embryonated Egg

Giant Round Worm

DFS of eggs

SI (jejunum ) of fish, man larvae in gastric mucosa and intestines

SI of man (not attach)

Decorticated, Unembryo egg

tri-radiate xs

F-3 lips; M–2 spicules

larvae, corticated 3rd stage filariform

Old World Hook worm

Adults in SI Gall bladder, Liver, nares, appendix DFS EIA -ELA

Liver-lung Migration (larv swallowed)

SI Lung migration

teeth Necator Americanus

New World Hook worm

pointed tail, short esophagus

8-cell stage

DFS EIA

-int mal-ab -Borborygmi -Ab Pain -Diarrhea -Villus flat -Atrophy COL -death

Ingestion Of larva In raw fish

Lung mig –Asthma; Capil penetration –Pneumonia; Ab Pain due to adult Migration; Int Obst;  eosin

Ingestion

Yup

Burrowing of Sin of foot

Most Common In world

Ground itch; 500 eggs = heavy worm; Hookworm anemia due to suction of blood/ bleeding

Oral percutaneous

Yes

Microcytic Hypochromic

Yup (M>F) I. Norte (N.Luzon)

Mebendazole Albendazole

THA,JPN, EGY,TAI, IRAN

Tropics, subT

Peperazine Citrate Albendazole Mebendzaole Pyrantel Pam Pyrantel Pamoate Mebendazole Iron replacement

Skin Penetration

-ELA cutting plates

Strongyloides Stercoralis

3rd stage filariform

Threa d Worm filariform; no F M

Rhab in stool

short buc cav

SI man; Lung Migr aftr skin Penet; repro parthogenesis Eggs hatch SI

Larval migration – Lobular pneu w/ hem; like PUD, Hyper Infection, Peripheral Eosinophilia, malab syndrome

- Skin Penetration of FL - Free-living - auto infection

Yes

Albendazole

Tropics, SubT

Thiabendazole

Long eso, Prominent Genital primordium, notched tail

PARASITE

A.K.A.

Brugia Malayi

EG G

ADULT

INFECTIVE

kinky, overlapping nuclei, nuclei reach tail end (terminal, subterminal n.) giemsa – sheath unstained smooth, single row of nuclei, no term nuc, >L than BM giemsa – pink stain

Wuchereria Bancrofti

Loa Loa

Larvae In Arthropod Vector Bites at Night Enters Bite wound Bioincub - 1 year Larvae crawl into wound

DIAGNOSTIC

Blood smear (thick And Knott Conc)

HOST LOC.

Lymphatics Bloodstream Peripheral Blood

Microfilaria In blood at Night

mosquitos W.B. – Culex Quinque Fasciatus

2ND INT HOST

PATHOLOGY

Acute – Hypersensitizatn Chronic – (poor prog), elephantiasis (blocks lymphs)

Subcutaneou s tissue

RuralAnoph; UrbanFatigans; Pacificaedes VectorDipteran (chrysops)

Weingarten’s Syndrome – Hyper-eosin of Peripheral blood

Guinea worm

larva migrates to lower ext.

Oncocerca Volvulus

Larvae Crawl into Bite wound

Local lesion Worm/Larvae Calcifiqed Worms by x-ray Biopsy Mazzotti

Mesenteric Tissues

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis

Rat Lung worm

3 stage larva in snails and slugs or rats ingested by man

History -eating, travel

Larva migrate To lower ext Subcutaneou s tissue

snails – paratenic hosts

Skin test needs evaluation

adult emale “Barber pole” dark red intestinal tract

3rd stage larva in snails/ slugs ingested by man nd cotton rat

Angiostrongylus costaricensis

Brain Spinal cord

leukocytosis & eosinophilia

Herring disease

Terranova sp – juveniles Pseudoterranova sp – not penetrate

3rd stage larva in flesh of raw fish; larva migrate from viscera to

ManAccidental hosts

Intestines (gut wall)

Immunologic Tests under

Ivermectin

Planaria, Slugs, prawns Mollusks

Marine Crustacean s And fish

supportive – pressure bandaging

Larva Enter bite wound

Africa

Corticosteroids

Ingestion Of Infective copepods

NO

Metronidazole

Middle East, Africa

Thiabendazole

Skin

NO

Diethylcarbamazine

Larva Enter bite wound Ingestion Of larva In snails

Africa C. and S. America

Corticosteriods

NO

None recommended

TAI, THAI, CAM, VIET, Hawaii, Tahiti

Dead parasite Could exacerbate Tissue reaction

-River Blindness -Eye lesions - Skin lesions - Scrotum enlargement

Mollusks, Snails: Achantina, Pila

Mosquito Bites at night

Adult in eye

VectorBlack fly

Snails, slugs Edoscopy

Warm regions

Diethylcarbamazine

Blister w/ Serous exudates

(Sigmodon hispidus)

Anisakis

Larva Enter bite wound

Diethylcarbamazine (not effective on adult worms)

No

Copepods Ingest Larva in water

Slit lamp rd

Yup

Skin

shedding of sheath, Larvae in copepods

Skin

Tx

Calabar swelling

hypersensitivity

Fiery Serpent Israelites

PHIL

surgery

biopsy

Dracunculus Medinensis

MOT

corticosteroids

CARD Test – Antigen det DNA probes Thin blood Smear

INT HOST

Pseudoperitoneal syndromes

Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis + eosins in CSF, CN involve, diplopia and strabismus CSF >= 500 cells/ml w/ 10-90% eosins “acute abdomen” - inflamm of ileocecal region; Ab pain loc to right lower quad + palpable tumor-like m Pseudoterranova spp – Not penetr8 stom, Throat irrit, coughed Anisakis simplex (USA)

surgery

Surgery

Surgical if ncessary

Ingestion Of raw Marine Food w/

NO JPN, Netherland

Remove larvae By biopsy Forceps

Eustrongylides sp – perforates large bowel

PARASITE

A.K.A.

EGG

Schistosoma Hematobium

ADULT

muscle after death of fish

INFECTIVE

Freeswimming Cercaria

S. Japonicum

Study

DIAGNOSTIC

Eggs, miracidia in urine

Platyhelminthes terminal spine Schistosoma Mansoni

Freeswimming Cercaria

Stom, int, inflamm Rxn surrounding larva Anisakiasis – local Tissue response; (Eustrongylides spp) Perforation of L bowel

HOST LOC.

Adults Bladder, liver larva – Venous Plexuses

Ova in feces (blood, mucus) Rectal biopsy

Liver

Ova in feces, Rectal biopsy, COPT test, ELISA

Liver, Mesenteric Venules, SI, heart, Spleen, CNS

Unembryo ova in feces, duodenal aspirates

Bile duct of Sheep

Metacercaria Encysted On aquatic vegetation

Unembryo ova

Metacercaria Encysted On Fresh Water fish

Embryo ova In feces or Biliary duodenal aspiratesBDA Embryo ova In feces or BDA

Giant AnimalsCattle Biliary tract (BT) Man

Platyhelminthes

Mesenteric venules, SC, lungs

INT HOST

Bulinus Snail (Miracidia to cercaria)

Biomphalaria Snail

lateral spine Cercaria

Schistosoma Japonicum in copula, males have gynecophoric canals

Platyhelminthes

Schistosoma Intercalatum Schistosoma Mekongi Fasciola Hepatica Fasciolidae

Fasciola Gigantica

lateral knob (smallest) Like Schistosoma Mansoni in terms of life cycle, pathology and clinical features Intermediate host – Biomphalaria snail Lide Schistosoma Japonicum in terms of life cycle, pathology and clinical features Intermediate host – Lithoglyphopsis aperta Metacercaria Sheep Encysted Liver On aquatic Fluke vegetation leaf S, w/ shoulders cephalic cone, “popping spinous, dendritic testes operculum” Giant Liver Fluke

Fasciolidae Clonorchis Sinensis Opistorchida e Opistorchis Felineus Opistorchida e

Larger than F. hepatica no shoulders

Chines e Liver Fluke Cat Liver Fluke

branched testes; spatulate

lancet S reddishbile color

Metacercaria Encysted On fresh Water fish

Herbivore animals

BT

Small AnimalsCats, dogs, etc (BT SI)

Oncomelania Quadrasi, Formosa

SnailsLymnea Philippinensis, Lymnea swinhoe (TAI) (sporocystredia-cercaria) Snail

Operculate Snails (Alocinma, Parafossarulus, Bithynia) Snails Bithynia Funiculate

2ND INT HOST

Alcohol, “green” herring, sashimi

PATHOLOGY

Calcified Bladder (dead eggs= “sandy patches”); Painful urination; Kala-azar; adults coated w/ RBC An and not detected; trapped egg cause clinical symptoms; Terminal Hematuria; infection linked To S. typhi and paratyphi carriers Claypipe-stem Fibrosis = Thickening of portal vessels due to rxn w/ eggs; Hepatosplenomegaly Portal HTN, ascites, eggs sometimes Deposited in SC, lungs  liver enzy, serum alb, glob(prot) Katayama rxn/ fever, reaction to Eggs in tissue = CNS damage, Hepatosplenomegaly, Portal HTN, Ascites; mucus/blood in feces,  liver enzy, serum alb, glob(prot)

Aquatic vegetation

Halzoun – ingestion Raw sheep, goat livers (dyspnea, deafness, asphyxiation, death) fibrotic vs. traumatic/ necrotic lesions; obs; False vs true (no eggs)

Aquatic vegetation

Fresh water Fish (FWF) : Cyprinidae, Ctenopharyngodon FWF Cyprinus Carpio (Taiwan)

s

Surgical Intervention For obstruction Manage conservatively

MOT

PHIL

Skin Penetration Thru Infected water

Wala Siguro…

Cercaria Penetrate Skin thru Infected water

Nope

Cercaria Penetrate Skin thru Infected water

Yup

Ingestion of Infected Vegetation; Infected Liver (false)

Cosmo

Ingestion of Infected Vegetation

Most Probably

Cholangiocarcinoma of liver, liver function Impaired but SGPT and SGOT are normal

Ingestion of Uncooked fish

Periportal fibrosis, Invasion of pancreas, Form bile stones

Ingestion of Infective fish

Tx

Praziquantrel

Tropics Subtropics

Praziquantrel

Africa Brazil

Praziquantrel

Mindanao , Visayas

Bithionol

In sheep Raising countries

Africa, Asia Rare CHI, JPN, SK, Vietnam Nope USSR, poland

Bithionol

Chloroquine Diphosphate Praziquantel Praziquantel

Opistorchis Viverrini Opistorchida e Dicrocoelium Dendriticum Dicrocoellida e

PARASITE

Paragonimus Westermani

Metacercaria knob at abopercular end

2 large testes lancet, flat, transparent, aspiny

Metacercaria

ADULT

INFECTIVE

deep golden-brown

EGG

branched testes side by side; coffee bean;

Oriental Lung Fluke operculum at broad end, thick aboper

Metacercaria In crustacean Cercaria w/ spines

Metacercaria In water Plants 2 dendritic testes in tandem

indistinguish from F. hep, F. gigantica Heterophyes Heterophyes H.

M . eggs no aboper protub; same

hard to distinguish adults; scale-like spines, w/ genital sucker, globular testes

MC are Sensitive to Dryness Metacercaria In fish Miracidium present in The egg once Deposited by adult

Metacercaria

Echinostoma Ilocanum

indisting.from fasciolas

Embryo ova

sheep

w/ fully dev miracidium

integument w/ spines

Fasciolopsis Buski

Metagonimu s yokogawai

Civet cat, Dog, fisheating

lobed testes like O. felineus

Lancet fluke

A.K.A.

Embryo ova In feces Or BDA

oral sucker with collar of spines; 2 lobed testes in tandem, reddish-grey

No sporocyst stage

DIAGNOSTIC

Unembryo eggs in feces or sputum complement fixation

Unmebryo Eggs in feces

HOST LOC.

Encapsulated in Parenchyma of lung; in fibrotic capsules Reservoir – Cats & dogs Duodenum of Man or pigs

Snails Bithynia Goniomphalus, Funiculate, laevis Snails- Abida, Cochilcopa, Helicella, Zeb

INT HOST

Small Intestines Reservoir – Fish eating mammals

Small Intestines Reservoirrats

Ingestion of Infective fish

Nope

Same as F. hepatica

Ingestion of ants

Wala siguro

2ND INT HOST

PATHOLOGY

MOT

Granulomatous rxn in lungs; rustcolored sputum, w/ Foul fish Odor

Ingestion Of Infected crustaceans

PHIL

Asia

Bithionol

Misdiagnosed For PTB

Snails – MC

Aquatic Vegetation C  meta-C Water caltrop, Water chestnut, Water morning Glory, lotus Many fish in the Phil. (30 Species); in muscles at base of the fin

Worms cause Traumatic, Obstructive and toxic effects; ulceration and  mucus prod.

Ingestion Of Infected Water Plants

Nope

Inflamm, Sloughing off Of layers, xs Mucus prod

Ingestion of MC Encysted in fish

Yes

Ingestion Of encysted MC in snails

Of course

Sundathelphusa Philippina

Tx

Praziquantel

C  meta-C

Triclabendazole

MC

Snails: -Gyralus Convexlusculus -Hippeutis Umbilicalis MC

Praziquantel

Yes

Crabs –

Snails : Freshwater, Brackish or Marine

Praziquantel

Thailand Udorn

Portal cirrhosis, Periductal fibrosis

C  meta-C

Unembryo Eggs in feces

Hyperplastic biliary Epithelium (Stim by Nitrosamines); assos. w/ cholangiocarcinoma

Snail Miracidia (M) Cercaria (C) Antemelania Asperta; Antemelania Dactylus

Segmentina, Hippeutis

Unembryo Eggs in stool Using Kato-Katz method

FWF Punteus Orphoides, Hampala dispar Formica Fusca (ants)

Snails: -Pila luzonica “kuhol” and -Vivipara Angularis“suso” C  meta-C

Misdiagnosed For acid Peptic ds (APD), consistent w/ PUD Inflamm, Ulceration, Diarrhea, intoxiacation

Praziquantel

SEA, CHN, India, indonesia Praziquantel

EGY, Greece, CHN, JPN, KOR, TWN, Phil

N. Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Mindanao

Praziquantel

Taenia Solium

Cysticercous Cellulosae

Pork Tapeworm

Ripe or gravid Proglottid formaldehyde soln

Taenia Saginata

Beef tapeworm

indistinguish from each other and from E. granulosus; hexacanth (6 hooklets); radially striated shell

eggs – cause cysticercosis

Scolex after therapy

Cysticercous bovis

Ripe or gravid Proglottid

Small intestines of man cysticercosis in muscles

Man SI (accidental)

Parasite Of dog

Eggs – man Hydatid sand

one long gravid proglottid

A.K.A. Fish/ Broad t-worm

EGG

yellow-brown knob like thickening

Dipylidium Caninum

ADULT

egg packets (8-15 eggs) oncosphere w/ 6 hooklets

dogs

x-ray to detect hydatid ds; immunologic tests

INFECTIVE Plerocercoid Larva Encyted In fish

SI of Dog -Cysts Ingested and Release scolices

DIAGNOSTIC Operculated Eggs; Proglottids Kato tech

spatulate, rosette uterus 2 bothria = sucking grooves Cysticercoid Larva in Arthropod Host when ingested

Dog T-worm Double Pored T-worm

Ingestestion Of inadeq. Cooked Pork

yes

Praziquantel

cosmo

Accidental Ingestion of eggs

retractile, conical scolex; rose-thorn shape hooklets mature proglottid – with 2 lateral genital pores

Cattle, llama, Giraffe, Carabao

Epigastric Pain, vertigo, Nervousness, eosinophilia

Ingestion Of cysts in beef

Obstruction – Growing cysts; Anaphylactic Shock when Cyst ruptures

FOR

Niclosamide -damage to point of dissolution

eggs  cysticercous bovis

no rostellum, hooklets ripe >15 branches; 5m; tree-like dicho branching

PARASITE Diphyllobothriu m Latum