Communications week one review PDF

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COMMUNICATION REVIEW WEEK ONE 1. Values, Beliefs, and Attitudes Model

2. Values is the most integral aspect of oneself and the hardest to change. 3. Understand the concepts and definition of interpersonal communication ● INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

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○ Communicate in an “I - Thou” relationship; people are unique individuals. ○ Interaction contains a true dialogue and honest sharing of self w/ others. ○ Often w/ someone you care about and depend on. ○ Not all communication will be interpersonal ○ It would be exhausting if all communication was interpersonal. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS - a form of HUMAN communication involving MUTUAL influence. ○ Usually for the purpose of managing relationships.

4. What is the definition of remembering? ● Recalling information that has been communicated. 5. Understand the difference between listening and responding. ● Listening is much more than allowing another to talk while waiting for a chance to respond. Listening is paying full attention to others and welcoming them into our very beings. ● Selecting, attending to, constructing meaning from, remembering, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages ● Responding is Confirming your understanding of a message

6. What is the definition of attending? ● Focusing on a particular sound or message 7. Know the difference between interpersonal and impersonal communication ●

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

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Communicate in an “I - Thou” relationship; people are unique individuals. Interaction contains a true dialogue and honest sharing of self w/ others. Often w/ someone you care about and depend on. Not all communication will be interpersonal It would be exhausting if all communication was interpersonal.

IMPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ○ ○ ○

Communicate in an “ I - It” relationship; people are treated as objects. Interaction is mechanical and stilted; no honest sharing of feelings. The interaction is w/ people w/ whom you share no history and expect no future.

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INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS - a form of HUMAN communication involving MUTUAL influence. ○ Usually for the purpose of managing relationships.

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IMPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - occurs when people are treated as objects, or response to roles rather than as unique persons.

8. Understand all aspects of “the self”. ● our self-image and self-worth, as well as your needs, values, beliefs, and attitudes, serve as filters for your communication with others. As you develop and establish relationships, you may become more aware of these filters, and perhaps choose to alter them. A close relationship often provides the impetus for change. To better understand the role that self-concept plays in interpersonal communication, we will explore the first two basic questions, “Who am I?” and “Why am I here?,” by trying to discover the meaning of self. We will examine the multifaceted dimensions of our self-concept, learn how it develops, and compare self-concept with self-esteem. Then we will move to the third basic question, “Who are all these others?” What you choose to tell and not tell others about yourself reveals important clues about who you are, what you value, and how you relate to others. In addition, focusing on the needs, wants, and values of other people while maintaining your own integrity is the basis of being other-oriented.

9.why is it important to understand interpersonal communication when it comes to family conflict? ● Relating to family members can be a challenge. The divorce statistics in Canada document the difficulties that can occur when people live in relationships with each other: about half of all marriages end in divorce. While we don’t claim that you will avoid all family conflicts if you learn the principles and skills of interpersonal communication, you will be more likely to develop creative, constructive solutions to family conflict if you understand what’s happening and can promote true dialogue with your spouse, parent, sibling, or child. Furthermore, family relationships play a major role in determining how you interact with others. Author Virginia Satir calls family communication “the largest single factor determining the kinds of relationships [people make] with others.”7 10. What is beliefs/values/and attitude? ● BELIEFS - is the ways in which you structure your understanding of reality—what is true and what is false. ● VALUES - is Enduring concepts of what is right and wrong. ● ATTITUDES - is Learned predispositions to respond favourably or unfavourably toward something. 11. What is perception ● PERCEPTION - experiencing the world and making sense out of what is experienced. ● INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION - the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting our observations of other people. 12. What does the term symbolic self-awareness refer to? ● SYMBOLIC SELF-AWARENESS - the uniquely human ability to think about ourselves, but to use language (symbols) to represent ourselves to others. ○ It reflects your self-worth. ○ The impression that we want to leave w/ individuals. ○ It is easier to give a positive first impression than it is to 13. Understand the primary effect, recency effect, and the halo effect? ●

SOCIAL MEDIA EFFECTS: ○ THE PRIMARY EFFECT - the tendency to attend to the first piece of info we observe about another to form an impression. ○ RECENCY EFFECT - a tendency to attend to the most recent info we have observed about another to form or modify an impression. ○ THE HALO EFFECT - attributing a variety of positive qualities to those we like. ○ THE HORN EFFECT - attributing a variety of negative qualities to those we dislike.

14. What is empathy? ● EMPATHY is Process of developing an emotional reaction that is similar to the reaction being experienced by another person. Feeling what another person is feeling. 15. What is listening? ● Listening is much more than allowing another to talk while waiting for a chance to respond. Listening is paying full attention to others and welcoming them into our very beings. ● Selecting, attending to, constructing meaning from, remembering, and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages 16. What is the physiological process of decoding mean? ● Hearing is the physiological process of decoding sounds: sound vibrations reach your eardrum and cause the middle ear bones—the hammer, anvil, and stirrup—to move. Eventually, these sound vibrations are translated into electrical impulses that reach the brain. In order to listen to something, you must first (1) select that sound from competing sounds. Then you must (2) attend to it, (3) understand it, and (4) remember it. When you (5) respond to the sound, you confirm that listening—not merely hearing—has occurred. 17. What is the definition of selecting? ● Selecting is Sorting through various sounds that compete for your attention. 18. What is hearing? ● Hearing is The physiological process of decoding sounds. 19. What does the term “thin slicing” mean? ● Observing a small sample of someone’s behaviour and then making a generalization about what the person is like based on the sample. ● GENERALIZATION BASED ON OBSERVING A SMALL SAMPLE OF PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR IS CALLED THIN SLICING. - KELLY’S WORDS!! 20. How much time each day is spent listening ot others? ● We spend about 80-90% of our waking hours communicating w/ others. Whether it is intentional or not intentional. 21. What is asynchronous listening? ● asynchronous listening—listening to a message communicated at another time, when no one is available to receive it. Retrieving messages through voicemail is an example of asynchronous listening.

22. What is interpersonal perception? ● Interpersonal perception is the process by which you decide what people are like and give meaning to their actions. It includes making judgments about personality and drawing inferences from what you observe. The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting one’s observations of other people. 23. What does the interpersonal perception process involve? ●

The interpersonal perception process involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting. ○ STAGE ONE: SELECTING ■ SELECTIVE PERCEPTION - in the process of making sense of the work based on factors of personality, attitudes, hopes, fears and culture - what we like and don’t like. ■

SELECTIVE ATTENTION - if focusing on specific stimuli in the environment and ignoring others.

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SELECTIVE EXPOSURE - is the tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors.

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SELECTIVE RECALL - is when we remember what we want and forget or suppress unpleasant or uncomfortable things.

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GENERALIZATION BASED ON OBSERVING A SMALL SAMPLE OF PERSON’S BEHAVIOUR IS CALLED THIN SLICING.

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STAGE TWO: ORGANIZING ■ WE CREATE CATEGORIES: ● SUPERIMPOSING - is placing a familiar structure on info you select.

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WE LINK CATEGORIES ● PUNCTUATION - is making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing info.

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WE SEEK CLOSURE ● CLOSURE - is the process of filling in missing information.

STAGE THREE: INTERPRETING ■ We attempt to make sense of the verbal and nonverbal cues we experience. ■

We interpret based on socialization and our own recurring experiences.

24. Understand the concept of selecting. What is selective attention? ● Four principles of selection frame the process of how we select what we see, hear, and experience: selective perception, selective attention, selective exposure, and selective recall. ● SELECTIVE ATTENTION - Process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment and ignoring others. 25.understand the different responses one can make? ● active verbal responses - Reactive statements made in response to a hurtful message. ● acquiescent responses - Crying, conceding, or apologizing in response to a hurtful message ● invulnerable responses - Ignoring, laughing, or being silent in response to a hurtful message. 26. What are the different types of “noise”? ● NOISE - the interferences that keeps the messages from being understood and achieving its intended effect. ○ LITERAL - (external) noise can be actual sound. ○ PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE - can be internal, such as distracting thoughts that keep you from concentrating on the message. ○ Noise needs to be minimized for accurate communication to occur. 27. OUR FAMILY IS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL ON AN INDIVIDUAL 28. Poor communication can negatively impact our lives. 29. Good communication can positively impact our lives. 30. For some its their non verbals that impact them in a negative way. 31.You don't develop a relationship with EVERYONE that crosses your path. 32 .Affective communication results in closer more satisfying relationships and a longer life. 33. Although we all communicate, GOOD communication isn't always easy and it isn't always common sense. 34. Effective interpersonal communication a person feels better understood and accepted.

35. Where does the meaning lie? Who gives it meaning? ● The person receiving it. 36. We miss communicate more than we communicate. Miss communication is the norm. 37. There is redeeming qualities in everyone.

38. 93% OF EMOTIONS IS EXPRESSED THROUGH THE NONVERBAL CHANNEL. 39. Hearing is the physiological process, you dont have control. 40. Listening is an active process. 41. LISTENING DEFINED ● LISTENING IS A COMPLEX PROCESS OF SELECTING, ATTENDING TO, CONSTRUCTING MEANING FROM, REMEMBERING, AND RESPONDING TO VERBAL AND NONVERBAL MESSAGES ● LISTENING INVOLVES THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF DECODING SOUNDS THROUGH HEARING THEN: ■ SELECTING - SORTING THROUGH SOUND ■ ATTENDING - FOCUSING ON A PARTICULAR MESSAGE ■ UNDERSTANDING - ASSIGNING MEANING TO MESSAGES ■ REMEMBERING - RECALLING INFO COMMUNICATED ■ RESPONDING - CONFIRMING UNDERSTANDING OF MESSAGE 42. We tend to understand an individual when there is more similarities between them. 43. 45%listening 30% speaking 16% reading 9% writing 80%communicating 44. SELF-ABSORPTION Focus more on their needs than others. Conversational narcissists....