Comparative models in policing PDF

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COURSE OUTLINECOMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICINGCourse Code: LEA 3No. of Units: 3Course Description: This course emphasizes on center student development in meeting the global demands of professional law enforcer. Through this, it helps the students to be more prepared, knowledgeable and become versatil...

Description

COURSE OUTLINE COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING Course Code: LEA 3 No. of Units: 3 Course Description: This course emphasizes on center student development in meeting the global demands of professional law enforcer. Through this, it helps the students to be more prepared, knowledgeable and become versatile in the implementation of policing for prevention and suppression of crime. Moreover, this course guides students to be globally competitive and professionally competent with the attainment of university core values: discipline, integrity, loyalty and excellence. Course Learning Outcomes 1. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in law enforcement administration, public safety, and criminal justice of different countries 2. Collaborate effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams in the field of criminal justice of different countries. 3. Engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast on the developments in the field Criminology and Criminal Justice by understanding the law enforcement agencies of different countries. MODULE1 CHAPTER 1 General Instructions You are expected to complete the activities of Self- Learning Material (SLM) or it will be posted at your EDMODO APP .This module should pass or submit before the midterm examination. Please do not leave out any activity incomplete. If you have clarifications, please feel free to message your instructor. Thank you and Keep safe always.

I.

Activity #1. CRISS CROSS

Directions: Locate the words from the puzzle below that you think are related to the topic in this lesson by connecting the letters together by line as you can but incorrect are not counted , of course. Write-down, as many as you can 0 C O R R E C T I O N S A B C D

V B Q A F S D K Y L Z E F G J I

C M E B G T E L Z M H I J K L M

C O U N T R Y M A N N O P I Q R

Y R M C H U O O B O S T U N V W

X G N P I V U P C P X Y Z V A B

Z A M O A W A Q D Q J C D E F G

B N H L G R R R E R U H I S J K

A I L I K X A S F S S Y S T E M

R Z N C L Y F T G T T L M I N E

E A X I M Z G U I U I O P G Q T

I T V N O A H V H V C S T A U H

L I M G P P O L I C E V W T X O

P O F D Q B I W J W A W C I G D

D N T E R C J X K X B D E N H S

P S A D J U D I C A T E F G I J

Definitions of Comparative Police system

It is the science and art of investigating and comparing the police system of nations. It covers the study of police organizations, trainings and methods of policing of various nations. What is Comparative Criminal justice?

It is subfield of the study of Criminal Justice that compares justice systems worldwide. Such study can take a descriptive, historical, or political approach. It studies the similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political stature of different systems. Basic function of criminal Justice

  

policing adjudication corrections

What is International Criminal justice? It involves the study and description of one country’s law, criminal procedure, or justice process (Erika Fairchild). Comparative criminal justice system attempts to build on the knowledge of criminal justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in terms of another country, culture or institution.

What is transnational crime? It is a term that has been used in comparative and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global crime issues. It is defined by the United Nation (UN) offences whose inception, proportion and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country. Example are:     

Money laundering Drug trafficking Terrorism Human trafficking Cyber crimes

Activity #.2 Directions: Define the following 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Money laundering Drug trafficking Terrorism Human trafficking Cyber crimes

What are the 4 Types of criminal justice law in the world?

Common law systems These are also known as Anglo-American justice, and exist in most English-speaking countries of the world, such as the U.S., England, Australia, and New Zealand. They are distinguished by a strong adversarial system where lawyers interpret and judges are bound by precedent. Common law systems are distinctive in the significance they attach to precedent (the importance of previously decides cases). They primarily rely upon oral systems of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point. Civil law systems

Also known as Continental justice or Romano-Germanic justice, and practiced throughout most of the European Union as well as elsewhere, in places such as Sweden, Germany, France, and Japan. They are distinguished by a strong inquisitorial system where fewer rights are granted to the accused, and the written law is taken as gospel and subjects to little interpretation. For example, a French maxim goes like this. “If a judge knows the answer, he must not be prohibited from achieving it by undue attention to regulations of procedure and evidence.” By contrast, the common law method is for a judge to at least suspend belief until the sporting event of a trial is over. Legal scholarship is much more sophisticated and elitist in civil law system, as opposed to the more democratic common law countries where just about anybody can get into law school. Romano-Germanic systems are founded on the basis of natural law, which is a respect for tradition and custom. The sovereigns or leaders, of a civil law system are considered above the law, as opposed to the common law notion that nobody is above the law.

Socialist systems These are also known as Marxist-Leninist justice, and exist in many places, such as Africa and Asian, where there has been a Communist revolution or the remnants of one. They are distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate or retrain people into fulfilling their responsibilities to the state. It is the ultimate expression of positive law, designed to move the state forward toward the perfectibility of state and mankind. It is also primarily characterized by administrative law, where non-legal officials make most of the decisions. For example, in a socialist state, neither judges nor lawyers are allowed to make law. Law is the same as policy, and an orthodox Marxist view is that eventually, the law will not be necessary. Islamic systems Are also known as Muslim or Arabic justice, and derive all their procedures and practices from interpretation of the Koran. There are exceptions, however. Various tribes (such as the Siwa in the desert of North Africa) are descendants of the ancient Greeks and practice Urrf law (the law of tradition) rather than the hasher Shariah punishments. Islamic systems in general are

characterized by the absence of positive law (the use of law to move societies forward toward some progressive future) and are based more on the concept of natural justice (crimes are considered acts of injustice that conflict with tradition). Religion plays an important role in Islamic systems, so much a role that most nations of this type are theocracies, where legal rule and religious rule go together.

Activity# .3 Directions: Among the four topics discussed at least two in this lesson, Choose two topics that you want to compare .Write your answer on the diagram below.

M What are th

ntries with lesser or no crime?

a. Switzerland For many years used to have travel brochures saying “there is no crime in Switzerland”, and criminologist were stumped on why this was so, whether because of the high rate of firearm ownership or the extensive welfare system. It turned out that the Swiss (along with some other welfare nations, like Sweden) were not reporting all their crime rates. However, it was true that their crime rate was fairly low.

Reasons of having low crime rates 

They did a remarkable job in managing their underclass population, the poor people who lived in the ghettos and slums.



Swiss crime control is highly effective in using an “iron fist, velvet glove” approach toward those who commit crime and come from the bottom echelons of Swiss society. For example, when a poor person commits a crime, the government goes to work analyzing the family, educational, and employment needs of everyone in that poor person’s family. Then, after some punishment (which the offender frequently agrees with as deserved), a long- term treatment plan is put into effect to raise that family out of poverty.

b. Japan Another country with an interestingly low crime rate is Japan where the crime rates are not necessarily that low, but stable and resistant to fluctuating spikes. Some reasons of having low crime rates are the characteristics of this country, which include:  community policing  a patriarchal family system  the importance of higher education,  and the way businesses serve as surrogate families. Asian societies are also “shame-based” rather than “guilt-based” as Western societies are. For example, it is unthinkable to commit a crime in such places because of the shame it would bring upon one’s family and the business or corporation with which that family is associated with.

c. Ireland Ireland is another place with an unexpectedly low crime rate. Despite a serious unemployment problem, the presence of large urban ghettos and a crisis with religious terrorism, the Irish pattern of urban crime is no higher than its pattern of natural crime. The key reason of having low crime rate is the factor that appears to be: a. a sense of hope and confidence among the people Legitimacy surveys, for example, show that 86% of more of the population believe that the local authorities are well-skilled and doing everything they can. b. People felt like they had a high degree of popular participation in crime control. d. Egypt The Siwa Oasis in Egypt is another place with little or no crime. The population of 23,000 consists of 11 tribes who are the descendants of ancient Greeks, and it is said that Plato himself fashioned his model of perfect government in The Republic there. The inhabitants practice a moderate form of Islamic justice, rejecting Shariah punishment and embracing Urrf law (the law of tradition). Conflicts are resolved by a

tribal council, and there are no jails or prisons. The last known crime occurred around 1950, and was an act of involuntary manslaughter. The typical punishment for wrongdoing is social ostracization (shunning). This type of society is an excellent example of the folk-communal, or informal justice system. What are the types of police in the world? The following are some of the types of police 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Uniformed police Detectives Auxiliary Special police Military police Religious police Border police Transport police

Activity #. 4 Directionss: Make Video Presentation and Discuss; choose at least two types of police with a maximum of 3 minutes.

Differentiate centralized from decentralized system of law enforcement ? Decentralized law enforcement ? Decentralized police refers to a system where police administrations and operations are independent from one state to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal government. In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several police or police like organizations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law. The United States has a highly decentralized and fragmented system of law enforcement, with over 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies. Germany and UK have also decentralized law enforcement agencies. Countries with centralized policing systems

Simply means on police force operating in a country. Some countries, such as Chile, Israel, Philippines, France, Austria, use a centralized system of policing. A country with only one recognized police force which operates entire that country is called centralized police. Thus, the Philippines is an example of centralized police because the Philippine National Police has one central office with many regional, provincial and local branches throughout the country.

What can the Philippine National Police adopt? As to organization, decentralization of regional or city police office that can financially support its operation. This is to do away with the scenario that the fault of Manila police is the fault of the entire officers of the PNP. As to Responsibilities, the specific functions of officers assigned in the Koban and Chuzaizho can be applied hence, the new PNP officers can be assigned to A. Gather data related to his jurisdiction (for city police officer) like list of people who are -working late at night who might be of help as witnesses to crime -normally cooperative with the police -not engage in formal employment (stand by) -owns gun or swords -with mental illness -old living in the area alone who should be visited periodically -leaders legitimate organization -leaders illegitimate organization -total population -list of households, rented homes and apartments

Activity #. 5 Directions: Choosing between decentralized from centralized system of Law Enforcement. Given a chance, what system of Law Enforcement would prefer (decentralized or centralized) select two countries and explain why you choose that countries. Research the internet, print or cut out a picture the specific countries. Then post it below.

(Paste the Photo here)

PRE-TEST

Activity#. 6 Directions: List down what come to your mind when you hear the word listed in box. GLOBALIZATION

POSITIVE EFFECTS GLOBALIZATION

OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATIONs

What is Globalization? Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. The role of the nation-state in globalization is a complex one in part due to the varying definitions and shifting concepts of globalization. While it has been defined in many ways, globalization is generally recognized as the fading or complete disappearance of economic, social, and cultural borders between nation-states. Some scholars have theorized that nationstates, which are inherently divided by physical and economic boundaries, will be less relevant in a globalized world. While increasingly reduced barriers regarding international commerce and communication are sometimes seen as a potential threat to nation-states, these trends have existed throughout history. Air and sea transportation that made same-day travel to other continents possible and greatly expanded trade among countries did not abolish the sovereignty of individual nations. Instead, globalization is a force that changed the way nation-states deal with one another, particularly in international commerce.

A. Positive effects of Globalization 1.

In the education field, some of the new communication and information technologies, which are of course linked to the globalization process, have enable students, researchers and young people in distant and to access ideas and information from the best libraries in the world. They can peruse through libraries in different countries without having to travel. 2. Globalization has made communication much easier and cheaper than before. The number of subscribers and users of the internet are now increasing remarkably.

3. The potential for people of different communities, cultures, and religious and to know and understand one another is greater than ever before. Knowing and understanding each other are very important to promote and establish common values among people of different communities. Globalization also makes it possible for people to demonstrate their sympathy and compassion for the victims of natural calamities, lands, languages, colors, cultures etc. (Muzaffar, 1998: 181-182) 4. Globalization has also brought to the force issues such as the rights of women and children. B. Negative effects of Globalization: 1. Globalization and culture: Globalization affects human cultures from various perspectives: a. Globalization represents a challenge to cultural and local languages. United Nations’ study (AI-Jazeera, 2001) shows that half of local languages in the world are expected to disappear. This could lead unenthusiastically to marginalizing many local cultures. Scientific and economic superiority of the US and the flow of information technology assist in imposing certain languages in particular English as a second language in some developing and developed countries, and as a first language in some others. There is no doubt that language has significant impact on cultures and, therefore, the dominance of English could contribute to the emergence of a global and intercontinental culture which may wipe out traditions, customs, and values of many societies and marginalizes their cultures. b. Globalization has significant impact on local entities. Its complexity takes decisive dimensions in particular about its effect on labor immigration from the South to the North. In many cases this problem not only has political reflections, but also social dimensions. Globalization is reshaping the identity of many peoples particularly migrants.

2. Globalization and developing countries: Globalization has serious effects on many developing countries: a. Although developing countries contribute in a way or another to this process, yet they do not yield the benefits of this contribution. Indeed, they remain far away from what we might call ‘the impact point’ to influence its truck or contribute to its direction. In contrast, the process destroys many aspects of life in these societies. The irresponsible behavior of some multinational corporations toward the environment of those countries, or more dangerously

marketing expired products and other illegal goods are examples of this destruction. So, globalization in this context changes the world to become a “global pillage instead of being a global village” (Giddens, 2000: 50). b. The widening gap between the north and the South at international level, and between haves and have-nots at national level is another serious aspect of globalization. In fact, the real test to globalization is through its success in reducing the gap between the rich and the poor at local, national, and global levels. c. Globalization has forced many countries in various parts of this world to regulate to a lower league the most fundamental needs of their peoples (Muzaffar, 1998: 183). The equitable distribution of food, adequate health care facilities, and the quality of education are no longer priority concerns the political agendas of the governments in these countries.

COURSE OUTLINE COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING Course Code: LEA 3 No. of Units: 3 Course Description: This course emphasizes on center student development in meeting the global demands of professional law enforcer. Through this, it helps the students to be more

prepared, knowledgeable and become versatile in the implementation of policing for prevention and suppression of crime. Moreover, this course guides students to be globally competitive and professionally competent with the attainment of university core values: discipline, integrity, loyalty and excellence. Course Learning Outcomes 4. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding in law enforcement administration, public safety, and criminal justice of different countries 5. Collaborate effectively and independently...