Models in Health Promotion PDF

Preview

Summary

sem1 class D...

Description

Models in Health Promotion

Health Promotion Models •

Different health promotion models are described in the health promotion literature.

•

Some of these models are: a) Population Health Promotion Model – Health Canada b) Beattie’s Typology (1990) c) Tannahill Model of Health Promotion (1990) d) Health Promotion (Caplan and Holland, 1991) e) Typology of Health Promotion (French,1990) f)

The Contribution of Education to Health Promotion Model (Tones, 1990)

g) In fact, most of the ideas and concepts in these models overlap.

•

However, since the models might guide your thinking in a theoretical way, they are considered essential in deciding health promotion strategies.

a)

Population Health Promotion Model – Health Canada

–

The population health promotion model is a three dimensional theoretical framework created and utilized by Health Canada.

–

This model integrates two important health concepts, as well as, their principles: population health (determinants of health) and health promotion (Ottawa Charter for health promotion).

–

The purpose in composing this model is to help determine what, how and with whom should one take action in order to improve their health.

–

This model answers The “What”, “How” and “Who”.

WHAT Represents all the Health Determinants. There are nine factors (health determinants) which affect our health.



Income & social status



Social support networks



Education



Employment & working conditions



Physical environments



Biology & genetics



Personal Health Practices & Coping Skills



Healthy Child Development



Health Services

HOW



Represents strategies originated from the Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion



Strengthening community action



Building healthy policy



Create supportive environment



Develop personal skills



Reorient health services

WHO is the Various Levels of Action. This aspect of the model originated from communication theory. There are five different levels



Individual



Families



Communities



Sector/System



Society

b) Tanahill’s Model of Health Promotion

–

Tannahill argues that there are three overlapping spheres of activity: •

health education,

•

health protection and

•

health prevention.

–

Health education influences through knowledge and attitudes.

–

Health protection influences through medical interventions.

–

Health prevention influences through legislative, fiscal or social measures.

–

Deficiencies of the Tannahill Health Promotion Model

–

This Health Promotion Model deals with education, physical and social strategies as essential elements in achieving health and well-being.

–

It does not take into consideration mental, psychological, environmental and spiritual aspects of health and well-being.

Health Education –

It is considered the core component of health promotion. Health education activity provides adequate, accurate and reflective information and knowledge to recipients.

–

Recipients are influenced and able to make their own rational decisions through the empowerment process. A top down approach to health education is inappropriate. Instead, information is provided according to the recipients’ needs, with providers and recipients learning from each other.

Health Protection –

It consists of regulations, policies, or voluntary practices that are aimed at improving the living and working environment and prevention of ill health.

–

For example:-

•

the proposed new ordinance for a total ban on smoking in restaurants and most indoor public areas aims to reduce heart disease and lung cancer in the population.

•

Car seat belt legislation ensures that passengers are protected from injuries in case of motor vehicle accidents.

•

Policy on mandatory food labeling enables consumer to make healthy and rational choices on food.

Health prevention

–

It reduces the risk of occurrence of a disease process, illness, injuries, disability,handicap or some other unwanted events.

–

There are three levels of prevention, namely primary, secondary and tertiary.

–

Examples include healthy lifestyle, immunization, health screening, maternal and child health, rehabilitation programmes and sexuality education.

–

Prevention programmes can be done on face-to-face basis or through mass media....