Health Promotion - Principles of Health Promotion and the Ottawa Charter PDF

Preview

Summary

Lecture on Principles of Health Promotion and the Ottawa Charter. Second part of the 12 part Health Promotion lecture series...

Description

Principles of Health Promotion and the Ottawa Charter! ! Learning Objectives: 1. Describe various models of health promotion 2. Describe the relationship between health education and health promotion 3. Describe the key action areas as outlined in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 4. Apply these theories to oral health promotion! ! The Models of Health Promotion ! • Green & Anderson – “a combination of health education and organisational, economic and environmental supports for behaviours of individuals, groups or communities conducive to health”! • Downie, Fyfe & Tannahill – “any effort to enhance positive health & prevent ill-health, through the overlapping spheres of health education, prevention and health protection”! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! NB: OHI – oral hygiene instruction, F – fluoridation, FS – fissure sealants, PH – public health! ! Tones – “any deliberate attempt to promote health and manage disease”, “to promote health by seeking to influence lifestyle, health services and the environment”! ! WHO (Ottawa Charter) – “the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health”! ! The Relationship between Health Education and Health Promotion! ! Health education (Smith) – “the sum of all influences that collectively determine knowledge, belief and behaviour related to the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health in individuals and communities”, “the main function is to raise consciousness”! ! Health education (WHO) – “opportunities created for learning aimed at a health-related goal:! cognitive, affective, behavioural”! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The Key Action Areas as Outlined in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion! ! 1. Build Healthy Public Policy! • Public policies from all sectors have an impact on health via legislation, fiscal measures, taxation and organisational change! • Make the healthier choice the easier choice! • E.g. no smoking policy, healthy eating policy, seatbelt law, water fluoridation act! ! 2. Create Supportive Environments! • Establish a social, economic and legislative environment that is conducive to health! • E.g. smoke-free or stress-free environments, safe buildings and playgrounds, improve availability of healthy foods, exercise and changing facilities! ! 3. Strengthen Community Actions! • Encourage community participation in setting priorities, planning strategies and implementing them to achieve better health! • Work together on issues of common concern! • Gross roots consultation – “ordinary people” / “at the most basic level”! • Full and continuous access to information, learning opportunities, funding support! • E.g. Jamie Oliver’s healthy eating campaign, pressure groups, community development projects! ! 4. Develop Personal Skills! • Provide education, information, empowerment – enhance life skills! • Enable people to take control over their own health and environments! • E.g. Oral hygiene instruction, brushing for life campaign, school-based health education programmes! ! 5. Reorient Health Services! • Move beyond providing clinical and curative services! • Address health needs and move towards the goal of health gain! • Sensitive to social, psychological and cultural needs! • Encourage acceptance by those whose needs are the greatest! • E.g. initiatives that reorient towards health promotion and disease prevention, improve access and health gain! ! How these Theories apply to Oral Health Promotion! ! E.g.! • Health education – oral hygiene instruction! • Prevention – fluoridation, fissure sealants, smoking cessation! !...