Concordia - BTM 200 - F20 - Final - CP PDF

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Table of Contents Lecture Notes Unit 1: Computer and Information Ethics ........................................ Pg. 7 Unit 2: Computer Parts ................................................................... Pg. 11 Unit 3: Application Software.......................................................... Pg. 25 Unit 4: System Software................................................................. Pg. 39 Unit 5: Networking ......................................................................... Pg. 51 Unit 6: Assessing Hardware & Software ........................................ Pg. 63 Unit 7: Security .............................................................................. Pg. 75 Supplement: Excel and Access ...................................................... Pg. 87 Practice Exam................................................................................ Pg. 99 Extra Practice Problems ............................................................. Pg. 111

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

BTM 200 Fundamentals of IT

Teaching Experience •

o o o o

Chris C. B.Comm (Concordia) BTM 200 COMM 205, 222, 223 & 226 MARK 201

Biography Chris has an innate ability to organize and present difficult concepts in marketing and business technology. His extensive use of visuals allows him to easily bring together related information and illustrate the complex relationships between different concepts, making the material much clearer for students.

Crash Course Instructor – 5 Years o BTM 200 – 9.9/10

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COMM 205 – 9.93/10 COMM 222 – 9.89/10 COMM 223/MARK 201 – 9.97/10 COMM 226 – 9.91/10

Teaching Assistant (COMM 226) - 1+ years

Testimonials “Very good tutor. Simplifies the material in a way you can understand.” “Chris has made COMM 226 so much less painful! A+ for effort… and clarity… and patience! Thank you!” “Chris’ positive attitude turned a painfully boring course into a fun experience. Great tutor!”

Because of has extensive experience with case competitions and as a teaching assistant, Chris is a natural in front of large groups and is excellent at responding clearly and concisely to the trickiest questions that students might have.

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Unit 1 COMPUTER AND INFORMATION ETHICS Ethics 101 • • • •

Ethics: Study of general nature of morals and moral choices Morals: What's considered right and wrong Laws: Formal, written standards interpreted by the courts, enforced by government Personal Ethics: The morals and standards that you set for yourself as developed due to your upbringing, surrounds, friends, environment, religion, culture, experiences, etc.

Ethics Systems Relativism •States that there is no universal moral truth •Example: We believe eating dogs is wrong in Canada

Divine Command Theory •God is all-knowning and sets moral standards •Example: Ten Commandments

Virtue Ethics •Morals are internal, goodness that comes from witihin is better •Example: Volunteering vs. forced community service

Utilitarianism •Actions are judged by the consequences - does it have a positive outcome •Example: Torture for interrogation

Deontology (Duty-Based) •We have rights and moral duties that apply to all •Example: Freedom of speech

Breaches Unethical Behavior •Isn't necessarily illegal •Doesn't conform to standards

Amoral Behavior •No sense of right or wrong •No concern for moral outcome

Solutions •

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Positive Psychology: Looking to happiness as a driver for action instead of treating dysfunction and problems. Whistle Blower: People who report unethical business practices

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Ethics in Computing • • • •

Technology is changing quickly – faster than rules, law, and ethics can adapt We don't have past experience to help in the new scenarios that happen Ethics is never clear-cut People have different opinions

Six Ethical Issues in Computer Social Justice

Should the ethics of robotics and artificial intelligence be determined by: a) manufacturers b) government c) individuals

Intellectual Property

Where do we draw the line with 3D printing – is something existing that is 3D printed considered new or subject to copyright infringement?

Privacy

With the rise of human-implanted microchips, are these for the better of society or an infringement on privacy?

Property Rights

Should the ethics of robotics and artificial intelligence be determined by: a) companies b) government c) nobody (society)

To what extent should companies and governments be allowed to limit the access to information and free speech, especially in an online context

Computer Abuse

Is hacktivism considered civil disobedience (like graffiti or protests), or is it terrorism (criminal)?

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Electronic Information Access

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Unit 1 PRACTICE PROBLEMS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following system of ethics evaluates a person’s internal reason for undertaking an action when considering its ethical merit? a) Divine Command Theory b) Relativism c) Deontology d) Virtue Ethics

2. The notion of what’s wrong vs. right is known as: a) Ethics b) Morals c) Laws d) Personal Morals 3. When a person has no concern for the moral outcome of their actions, they are said to be engaging in: a) Amoral Behaviour b) Unethical Behaviour c) Relativism d) Unlawful Behaviour

4. Which of the following is false? a) Individual who have no sense of right or wrong are exhibiting amoral behaviour b) Deontology is based on a focus for moral duties and rights c) Religion can impact an individual’s personal ethics d) Acting in an unethical fashion is illegal

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5. What should one do if they spot unethical behaviour in the workplace? a) Report it to local authorities b) Follow the company’s policy for reporting unethical behaviour c) Confront your immediate supervisor d) Quit your job

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

TRUE OR FALSE 1. Ethics are founded in the law: True / False

2. There are two sides to the debate about ethics of artificial intelligence: True / False

3. Whistle blowers call out unethical actions taking place inside their company: True / False

4. Relativism deals with the notion that there is no universal set of morals: True / False

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5. One side of the debate on electronic information access argues that companies have the duty to uphold ethics for the greater good rather than abiding by the laws of a country: True / False

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Unit 2 COMPUTER PARTS Data vs. Information •

DATA: Recorded facts and figures Example: Number of houses on a street, number of tickets sold

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INFORMATION: The knowledge we gain from interpreting those facts (data), provides meaning o When you sort, process, or interpret data, it becomes information – becomes meaningful o The MEANING of information differs from one person to the next Example: 25 degrees outside is hot for me, but might be just right for you Data vs. Information using Examples Data

Information

Temperature Temperature taken each day

Organized by day over 5 years to see annual trends

Sales

Revenue generated each day

Revenue generated yearly compared over 3 years

Population

# of students at Concordia

Change in enrolment over the past 3 years

MEASURING COMPUER DATA •

Computers use a language called, BINARY CODE for its components to communicate o Binary code consists of 1’s and 0’s o Each 1 or 0 = 1 bit 

Bits are organized into groups of 8, called BYTES  8 BITS = 1 BYTE Example of a byte: 01101001 •

Each character is represented by a BYTE

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1 Kilobyte is 1024 BYTES, NOT 1000 like in other measurements (example: 1000 g = 1 kg) SIZE 1024 BYTES 1024 KILOBYTES 1024 MEGABYTES 1024 GIGABYTES 1024 TERABYTES 1024 PETABYTES 1024 EXABYTES

EXAMPLES Small files Small programs, files, photos Large programs, files, photos Modern hard drives Used in large businesses, not in our personal computers

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NAME Kilobyte (K) Megabyte (MB) Gigabyte (GB) Terabyte (TB) Petabyte (PB) Exabyte (EB) Zettabyte (ZB)

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Types of Computers Personal Computers (PCs)

Other Computing Devices

Tablets

Mainframes: Large computers for multiple users and to store large amounts of data. More programs with slower results.

Laptops Ultrabooks (MacBook Air of PCs) 2-in-1 PCs (converts to a tablet, touch screen) Chromebooks (runs on Google Chrome OS)

Supercomputer: Designed for complex calculations and models. Fewer programs with faster results. Embedded Computer: Inside other devises like cars, ovens, TVs

Desktop Computers

Smartphones

Components of Computers Hardware

Software Application Software

System Software

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Operating Systems (OS)

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Four (4) Main Functions of a Computer 2

1

Inputs

Processing

3

CPU

Output 4 STORAGE (CDs, magnetic disk, DVS, Flash drives,

Memory

Organizing data into information

Inputs Text

• Keyboards • QWERTY • Flexible

Audiovisual

• Cameras, camcorders, cell phones (video and audio) • Camera

• Virtual • Touchscreens Point

• Optical Mouse • Trackpads • Game controllers, joysticks, game pads, steering wheels • Touchscreen

• Webcam • Microphone • Voice recognition software • Intelligent Personal Assistants (Siri, Cortana, Galaxy)

• Scanners

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Image

Voice

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Outputs Screen Types • • • •

CRT Displays (Cathode Ray Tubes) – no longer used LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) LED Displays (Light emitting diode) OLED Displays (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)

Newer, less energy, more accurate,

Evaluating Screens Aspect Ratio

Resolution

• Width-to-height proportion of a monitor • Examples: 4:3 (traditional), 16:9 (modern

• • • •

Contrast Ratio

Viewing Angle

• Difference between brighest and darkest ouput possible • When too low, colors can't be seen when the screen gets too dark • Examples: 400:1 and 1000:1

• How far you can move to the sides (all 4 sides) before the image is no longer clear • Measured in degrees • Examples: 150 degrees for monitors 17 inches and larger

Brightness

Response Time

• Greatest amount of light • Measured in candelas

• Time it takes for a pixel to change color • Measured in milliseconds

• Low brightness makes it hard to see when there's a lot of light in the room • Example: 300 cd/m2

• Lowest possible is always best

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Impacts clearness and sharpness of the image Measured in pixels Most important factor for LCD monitors Example: 1600x1200

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Printers • • • • •

Inkjet printers (sprays small drops of ink onto paper known as a nonimpact printer) Laser printers (uses lasers and static electricity) All-in-one printers (print, scan, copy, fax) Large format printers (for oversized images, posters, banners) Thermal printers (melt wax onto paper or burn dots into special paper)

Evaluating Printers Resolution

• Measured in PPM • How many pages can be printed per minute

• Measured in DPI • How clear is the image when printed

Color Output

Use and Cost

• Specificity of color outputted • Depends on number of color cartridges

• How much do cartidges cost? • How many need to be replaced each time?

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Speed

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Processing The CPU •

The brain of the computer. Controls all the functions (like the human brain)

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Compared based on 3 criteria: Speed, function, cost o Speed is measured in Hertz (Hz), generally Gigahertz for CPUs (GHz)

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Dual-processor = 2 CPUs in the computer, Quad-Processor = 4 CPUs

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Classified as either 32-bit or 64-bit; the latter can have more than 4 GB of memory

MEMORY ROM

RAM

Full Name

Read-Only Memory

Random Access Memory

Memory State

Permanent (NONVOLATILE)

Temporary (VOLATILE)

Purpose

Start the computer

Run programs when the computer is on

Speed

Adding ROM has little impact on processing speed

Adding RAM lets you do more things at the same time

Human Example

VITAL FUNCTIONS breathing doesn’t need to be thought about – your body just does it

DAILY ACTIVITIES - you can listen to music, study, and chat on Facebook at the same time… but then try also cooking and working out at the same time; your brain can’t process that many tasks at the same time. When you go to sleep, you stop doing all those activities!

Motherboard: Where the CPU, Memory and other circuitry boards sit. Contains expansion cards and slots - which are circuit boards that provide additional functionality

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Sound Card: Expansion card that microphones and speakers connect to

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Video Card: Expansion card that monitors connect to.

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BTM 200 – Fundamentals of Information Technology – Final Exam – Fall 2020

Storage Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Flash Memory Cards / Drives

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Optical Storage

Internal Drive Bays External Drive Bays (CDs)

Ports •

Ports: Slot on computers where peripheral devices are attached to exchange data between the device and the computer.

USB (Universal Serial Bus Port) •USB 2.0 (480 Mbps) •USB 3.0 (4.8 Gbps)

Parallel Ports

Serial Ports

Thunderbolt

•Often used for printers

•Send one piece of data at a time (used for modems in the past)

•Fastest transfer ports 20 GB to 40 GB for ucpoming Thunderbolt 3

Connectivity port - give you access to networks and the Internet or enable your computer to function as a fax machine (Example: Ethernet - connect your computer to a digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable modem, or a network)

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HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface) – for audio visual

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DVI or VGA – audio and visual respectively for older computers

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