Conflicts - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Term 1

Conflict: Grazing in Alpine National Park Background information

Definition 1

- Alpine Cattle grazing in Victoria is a historic practice with over 100 years of history. - Involves taking cattle into the Victorian alpine National Park each year in summer in search of feed.

Term 2

Definition 2

Conflict: Grazing in Alpine National Park Parties involved:

Mountain cattlemen's Association of Victoria: - Agree with cattle grazing - believe that the alpine cattle grazing was both historic practice and also a method to reduce the near fuel load & decrease the overall fuel hazard rating in the Alpine National Park. - The MCAV has a loyal following and believe that through their actions they not only provide for themselves and their families through agriculture but are also custodians of the Alps.

Term 3

Definition 3

Conflict: Grazing in Alpine National Park Parties involved:

Victorian National Parks association (VNPA): - no cattle grazing - believe that the alpine national park was a place of significance intrinsic value and should be conserved free from cattle grazing. - Have the belief that Cattle can pollute waterways, increase the amount of bare ground, threaten plants because cattle grazing causes significance damage to the alps and should be permanently banned to protect an ecosystem unlike anywhere else in the world.

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Term 4

Conflict: Grazing in Alpine National Park Methods used by: Mountain cattlemen's Association of Victoria:

Definition 4

Direct action in the form of marching through the Melbourne CBD to Parliament House with their horses and some cattle. Caused major disruption in the city and certainly put their conflict in the public spotlight It was in a negative sense as people who lived or were trying to commute through the area were disrupted and became frustrated and annoyed with the protestors. This combined with information and education provided by the VNPA swayed the public to support the grazing ban.

Term 5

Definition 5

Conflict: Grazing in Alpine National Park Methods used by: VNPA

- Commissioned their own evidence in the form of scientific reports that allowed them to present an evidencebased argument to parliament regarding the banning of cattle in the alps. - The VNPA's scientific report was independently written and peer reviews, with this type of research sitting at natural ease with policy makers and helping to sway the final decision in favour of VNPA.

Term 6

Definition 6

Decision making process used, or that could be used to resolve the grazing conflict

- Decided through a conflict of legislation, involves laws made in parliament. - strength of this process is that as the parliament is elected in the community (allows for all to be represented by people talking to their local members and having their views presented for them) - disadvantage of legislation is that laws can be overturned with a change of government due to political will

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Term 7

Definition 7

National and state parks - managed by park rangers Knowledge and education Strategies - Drop toilets: contaminates waste,

public management strategies

limits area impacted by human activities

negative cost effective. - Tracks and signs: minimise spread of weeds, erosion, soil compaction - Fencing protected area: keeps humans off fragile areas & allows areas to be rehabilitated Term 8

Definition 8

private management strategies

Trust for nature; organisation that protects native plants and wildlife for future generations of Victorians by conserving habitat on private land. - Not for Profit - Protect native plants and wildlife in cooperation with landowners - They have protected more than 58000 hectares - E.g Neds Corner Station near Mildura.

Term 9

Definition 9

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Vic)

- protects various species in the Alpine National park, by providing action statements of the management of threatened flora and fauna which must be followed up by the land manager. - For example the FFG states that the land manages must manage the areas within the Alpine National Park where the alpine she-oak skink is found to ensure all habitat is suitable and maintained. This includes not putting tracks where known habitats are.

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Term 10

Definition 10

Ramsar Convention (international treaty, 1971)

-Provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and use of wetlands and their resources. - Purpose of the treaty is to ensure migratory birds have habitats maintained at both ends of the migratory path and countries have designated wetlands of international significance. Effective as it has helped maintain the numbers of species of birds Example - Barmah Lakes/ Barmah national park

Term 11

Definition 11

Actions undertaken to sustain healthy outdoor environments: Green building design

- The practice of creating structures (homes, offices and factories) using processes and materials that are environmentally responsible and resource efficient. Effective as it Reduces carbon input of buildings to sustain the environment Examples: heating/cooling that doesn't require electricity, waste (reduce, reuse/recycle), use sustainably grown/produced materials, water (water

Term 12

Definition 12

Actions undertaken to sustain healthy outdoor environments: Land care

- A program that facilitates a nation network of private landowners and community groups who care for natural resources. - Effective as it allows people to get involved in maintaining the environment making them environmentally aware. - Example: biodiversity maintenance/improvement (local) improvement to land productivity (crop/livestock protection) Improvement to recreational spaces for humans

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Term 13

Conflict: Proposed Great Forest National Park Background information

Definition 13

- Logging has occurred in the central highlands east of Melbourne since European settlement, providing jobs and products like timber for building and paper.

- With an increase of logging it became destroying an increasing amount of growth and native trees, threatening forestdependent species.

Term 14

Definition 14

Conflict: Proposed Great Forest National Park Parties involved

Vic forests and forestry industry refuse the Great Forest National Park and want to develop sustainable timber extraction to sustain their jobs to maintain job security - don't have enough plantations to secure their jobs

Term 15

Definition 15

Conflict: Proposed Great Forest National Park Parties involved

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VNPA - support it for the GFNP to protect the forests and environments specified in the proposal, further continuation of species like the Leadbeater's possum. - Protecting ecosystem services such as clean air and water, providing opportunities for tourism and recreation such as bushwalking, accommodation etc.

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Term 16

Definition 16

Methods used by Vic forests

- Through lobbying, the Andrews Government has propped up unsaleable sawmills and continues to allow logging native forests until 2030 - moderately effective - through going directly to the government their opinion was made clear, leading to the continuation of native logging until 2030 and the prop up of un-saleable sawmills to ensure their job security.

Term 17

Definition 17

methods used by GFNP

- Lobbied Federal and State Govt - The lifting of the conservation status for the Leadbeater's possum from endangered to critically endangered by former environment minister Greg Hunt is having the biggest impact. - By lobbing the environmental minister to increase the conservation status of the Leadbeater possum, an increased in awareness and evidence of the negative effects of logging is established and increased funding and protection strategies for the possum.

Term 18

Definition 18

process used to resolve the proposed national park

- The process used so far in an aim to resolve this conflict is moderately successful. - The resolution has been fairly cost effective as it hasn't yet gone to court. - Not time effect has gone on for 6 years so far - still unresolved - A compromise made by the government to accommodate both the Vic Forest and the VEAC is that all old growth forest logging will be banned from 2030, which environmentalists say is too far away as the endangered lead beater possum will become extinct

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Term 19

process used to resolve the proposed national park

Definition 19

However, Despite there not being a resolution at the moment, the Vic gov is working towards a fair and rational solution to meet the needs of all Australians in an attempt to find a win win situation. - They will most likely make legislation to resolve the conflict

Term 20

Definition 20

Conflict: Proposed Great Forest National Park Background information

- Conservationists such as the VNPA and TWS concerned about the health of the environment, leading to the proposal of the Great Forest National Park to protect the central highlands, its biodiversity, and the water catchments to protect Melbourne's water supply.

Term 21

Definition 21

Decision making process used, or that could be used to resolve the grazing conflict

- Overall, legislation is a thorough process with much public scrutiny and worked well to decide the issue. Allowing for a definitive resolution to the conflict and the current ban on grazing had remained intact for a number of years

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