Consensual, conflictional etc... 20 Sept PDF

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Very useful for end of year exam...

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POLS105 (20 September) The Inputs B and C  reading Quiz next Friday 10 questions + word bank

Criteria to evaluate competitive party systems     

Representation of interests Simply the process and election choices Compromise, moderation and cooperation- 2 party systems work better for compromise, political parties more moderate (to get more votes), like business Changing of government (maximising government stability) Accountability

 Compromise, moderation and cooperation Mainly democratic political systems 2 party system- easier choices Centre- pressure to moderate to get the most votes, multi party system, when political parties in parliament mimics itself, form coalition, political parties forced to moderate their position, compromise Happen in legislature Policy connected coalition- labour keeps them together, minimum winning, if one defects don’t have a government, all three are needed to make majority “tug of war” between coalition, labour, NZ First, Greens have to moderate, not everything they will have will get through, must moderate Minimum winning Electoral winning at electoral level Game is coalition

 Changing of government (maximising government stability) Ways to ensure multi-party policies are stable - Term of office, 3 years, can call election in between, often has 3 years - NZ  relatively stable - E.g. Danish parliament  9 political parties, difficult to do things, 24 months from election to election. Borgan- TV series- game of parliamentary politics - Middle party is king maker - Grand coalition- government party come together- Germany often

 Accountability “blame game” Complication- divided government Executive and legislative controlled by two different parties Clarity of Responsibility Hard to tell who is to blame when more political parties like National knows who calls the shot. Can still hold National accountable. Here with coalitions more murkier to blame…

Categories of degree of competition or antagonism in political systems -

Consensual Conflictual Consociational (or accommodative)

Consociational

Clevages- dividing lines in society, can be ethnicity, language, left or wing, protestant, rural or urban Northern part of Belgian- dtuch Other side- French Switzerland- Italian, German, French or Romansch, they learn all four Elites learn to make it work Divided  Systems with subcultural clevages with tendicies towards immobalisation and instability which are delibereyly turned into more stable systems by the leaders of the major subcultres  There are wide differences in major issues (e.g. languages, class, religion) but over history they have worked on a system on a system of accommodation and some level of trust has developed to allow relatively stable government Prerequisites for successful consociational systems  The ability to recognise the dangers inherent in a fragmented system – don’t work together you are gone!  Commitment to system maintainance- at least commit to the idewa of … Belgium  The ability to transcend subcultural clevage at the elite lebel

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The ability to forge appropriate soliutions for the demand of the subcultures- these countries use to use veto power on issues like what language to teach in school, on emotive issues like language, can lose culture if cant speak the language

Conflictional Systems 

Systems that are highly fragmented and where the major parties are far apart on the issues and antagonistic to one another

Ones that fail to turn consoliational Parties working against each other- sintrivical? Yugoslavia split up into 5 countries Lebanon like that too US- polarised not sintripuvical. American divided lines- simple, not many class systems, class consciousness is weak, everyone says they are middle class Consensual systems   

Systems with parties not far apart on the major issues and trust each other This system is characterised by a high homogeneity of the poltical culture Cohesion within this type of system results in low degree of political division.

Haves felt should not have heavy hand role after Global financial crisis, another democrat do the same? 2008 changed America American black pres- some Americans don’t like it Bydon v Trump Elizabeth Warren as vice pres? 1st female pres Example of different party systems Germany- more than 2 parties, 2 largest parties are way too large UK- lots of small parties, together with Labour, 1 parite Effective number of parties Weight the important against your share of political seats Austria has freedom party- not as large as the Austrian Peoples Party. Multiparty- most are consensual, less conflict, Scandinavian- centre left, rise of the working class during 1900s to get political power, gain a lot in regards to their place in power France wanted to keep Nigeria military coup, de Gaul resigned, asked French people to write constitution, French 5th republic,

US- under 2nd republic...