Consumer Chemistry 9 module 1 Intro to organic chemistry PDF

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Region I ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION Alaminos City, Pangasinan Project Write, Write, Write Alternative Instructional ModuleConsumer ChemistryQuarter 1- Module 1INTRODUCTION TOORGANIC CHEMISTRY9Development Team of the Module Writer: Vivian R. Camba Editors: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Jose Ramil A. Sibun Reviewe...

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9 Consumer Chemistry Quarter 1- Module 1

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Region I ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION Alaminos City, Pangasinan Project Write, Write, Write Alternative Instructional Module

CONSUMER CHEMISTRY 9 Alternative Instructional Module Quarter 1 – Module 2: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Alaminos City Division Schools Division Superintendent: Lorna G. Bugayong, PhD, CESO VI Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Rosario O Cabrea Development Team of the Module Writer: Vivian R. Camba Editors: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Jose Ramil A. Sibun Reviewers: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Jose Ramil A. Sibun Illustrators: Aldrin R. Gomez, Richard T. Isidro Layout Artist: James Ronald V. Santiago Management Team:

Lorna G. Bugayong, PhD, CESO VI Schools Division Superintendent Rosario O. Cabrera Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Cecilia M. Nisperos., EPS, Science Ronald B. Radoc, EdD, EPS, LRMS

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9 Consumer Chemistry Quarter 1 – Module 1

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry 9 Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter 1, Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner: Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry 9 Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter 1, Module 1: INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know

What I Know

What’s In

What’s New

What is It

What’s More

What I Have Learned

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

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Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. This contains answers to all activities in the module.

Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find:

References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know Organic chemistry is the area of chemistry that involves the study of carbon and its compounds. Carbon is now known to form a seemingly unlimited number of compounds. The uses of organic compounds impact our lives daily in medicine, agriculture, and general life. In this module, you will be able to learn the importance organic chemistry to your life and be able to trace the development of the history of organic chemistry.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY Understand the key concepts in organic chemistry, and the uses and benefits of organic compounds to one’s health, industry, and the environment. After using this module, you are expected to attain the following objectives    

Define organic chemistry Cite the importance of chemistry in our lives Recognize the contributions of some scientist in organic chemistry Trace the development of the history of chemistry.

Let’s explore the world of organic chemistry. Have fun learning!

What I Know

Direction: Read the following questions carefully and write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What is Organic Chemistry? A. It is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. B. It is the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of properties, composition structure and changes of matter C. It is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of organic matter. D. It is branch of science concerned with the chemical and physicochemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms

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2. All of the following can combine with carbon to form an organic compound EXCEPT A. copper B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. hydrogen 3. Which of the following is TRUE about organic chemistry? A. Several careers need understanding of the application of organic chemistry like engineering and astronomy B. Organic chemistry is the study of life and all chemical reactions are related to life. C. Organic chemistry is necessary in the field of electronics and communication. D. Organic chemistry helps to solve problems involving air pollution and solid wastes. 4. Which of the following natural organic materials is very useful in clothing? A. Nylon B. Cotton C. Kevlar D. Polyester . 5. Which scientist – discovery pair is CORRECT? A. Kekule - soap B. Carothers - nylon C. Bayer - benzene D. Pasteur - salicylic acid 6. There are over five million organic compounds known today and an almost infinite number of new compounds could possibly be synthesized. This can be compared to the total number of inorganic compounds, which is approximately half a million. What do you think will happen if these organic chemicals are produced continually in quantities? A. Most of these chemicals naturally decomposed in the environment. B. These organic products can cause pollution if they are improperly disposed. C. Man’s life becomes comfortable because of the vast increase of organic products. D. There are varieties of commercial products that are always available in the market. 7. Organic Chemistry was originally limited to study of compounds which are _____.

A. existing naturally B. man-made products C. produced by living organisms D. synthetic and natural products 8. Which organic compound produced from the reaction between the inorganic compounds lead cyanate and the aqueous ammonia? A. Urea B. Silica C. Cyanide D. Carbides 5

9. Who introduced the term, Organic Chemistry to describe the study of compounds isolated from nature? A. Jöns Jacob Berzelius B. Hermann Emil Louis C. William Henry Perkin D. Friedrich August Kekulé 10. All of the following found in food are organic compounds EXCEPT: A. fats B. proteins C. minerals D. carbohydrates For item 11, refer to the information below. I. Friedrich August Kekulé proposed the structure of benzene II. Vauquelin and his student Robiquet isolated the first known amino acid. III. William Perkin discovered the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline. IV. Jons Jacob Berzelius introduced the term, Organic Chemistry to describe the study of compounds isolated from nature 11. Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the development of the history of organic chemistry? A. I → II → III → IV B. I → II → IV → III C. II → IV → III → I D. II → I → III → IV 12. Friedrich Wohler is known as the father of modern organic chemistry. What is his greatest contribution to organic chemistry? A. B. C. D.

He introduced the process of making soap and detergent. He developed the concept of tetravalent structure of carbon He developed synthetic method of producing indigo from petrochemicals He prepared organic compound, urea, from the reaction of lead cyanate and aqueous ammonia.

13. Which organic compound – use is NOT correctly paired? A. Alcohol – disinfectant B. Methane – fuel in biogas C. Acetone – nail polish remover D. Aspirin – medicine for diarrhea

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14. Which areas of human needs does octane useful? A. Food B. Shelter C. Clothing D. Transportation 15. All of the following are importance of organic chemistry in our lives EXCEPT A. Several careers apply an understanding of organic chemistry B. It deals with few chemical compounds found in the environment. C. All of the chemical reactions in organic chemistry are related to life D. It plays a part in the development of common household chemicals, foods, etc.

Try to remember the questions which you were not able to answer as you read the module and perform the activities and exercises. Find the answers to these questions in the lessons that follow. Have a great day of learning!

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The science of Organic Chemistry has a broad and diverse past with many investigators from many countries making discoveries that when combined over 200 years led to the field of Organic Chemistry. The intrigue found with substances that contain carbon, organic compounds, arose because so many different substances could be found in nature and many of them had medicinal uses. The discovery of a laboratory synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wöhler (1828) showed that organic chemicals did not have to be prepared by the vital forces of nature but could also be prepared by humans, thus opening the way for the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Why do you need to study organic chemistry? You are studying organic chemistry at a time of its greatest influence on our daily lives, at a time when it can be considered a mature science, when the challenging questions to which this knowledge can be applied have never been more important..

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What’s In Chemistry is a branch of science which deals with the study of matter, its properties, compositions and structures, the changes it undergoes and the laws and principles governing such changes. What is matter? What are phases of matter? Kindly give examples. There are five primary branches of chemistry namely: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry In this module, we will be dealing with organic chemistry. You will be introduced in the world of organic compounds.

What’s New Organic Chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, excluding CO, CO 2, CS2 and various bicarbonates, carbonates and cyanides, which are traditionally considered to be inorganic compounds. Why is organic chemistry important? Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds which are important to our daily lives. Our bodies are made up of organic compounds. Most household chemicals are organic compounds. The materials we are using like clothes, medicines and other health sanitations are made of organic compounds. We can’t live without food composed of organic compounds viz carbohydrates, proteins, fats and even vitamins. Let’s find out the importance of organic chemistry by doing the activity below. Activity 1: Organic Chemistry and I Objective: At the end of the activity, you should be able to identify the importance of organic chemistry Materials: paper and pen Procedure: A. Word Search: Look for the 10 organic materials you need in your daily activities in the word grid. Then classify them into what areas of human needs they belong.

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ORGANIC WORD SEARCH A

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Organic Materials

Areas of Human Needs

B. Give at least 2 important contributions/products of Organic Chemistry on each of the following areas of human needs. 1. Clothing = ___________________________________________________________ 2. Education = __________________________________________________________ 3. Food = ______________________________________________________________ 4. Health = _____________________________________________________________ 5. Sanitation = __________________________________________________________ 6. Shelter = ____________________________________________________________ 7. Sports and Recreation = _________________________________________________ 8. Transportation = _______________________________________________________ 9. Energy = _____________________________________________________________ 10. Arts and Aesthetics = __________________________________________________

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What is It What is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is one of the branches of chemistry. It deals with the study of carbon containing compounds and their properties. It is the study of molecules containing the carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond and their structures, properties and reactions. It does not only include hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. This branch of chemistry was originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and cosmetics. The word “organic” was originally used by 18th century chemists to describe substances obtained from living sources - plants and animals. These chemists believed that nature possessed a certain “vital force” and that only living things could produce carbon compounds. This Romantic notion was disproved by Friedrich Wohler, a German chemist who prepared urea, an organic compound, from the reaction of between the inorganic compounds lead cyanate and the aqueous ammonia: Pb(NOC)2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O → 2(NH2) 2CO + Pb(OH)2 Urea Importance of Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is important because it is the study of life and all of the chemical reactions related to life. Several careers apply an understanding of organic chemistry, such as doctors, veterinarians, dentists, pharmacologists, chemical engineers, and chemists. Organic chemistry plays a part in the development of common household chemicals, foods, plastics, drugs, fuels... really most of the chemicals part of daily life. Organic chemistry has great contributions in the different areas of human needs like food, shelter, education, energy, transportation, sports and recreation and arts and aesthetics. The importance of Organic Chemistry is seen in the following 1. Medicine: Medicine is the main application of organic compounds. Organic Chemistry is necessary in the production of drugs, in the study of diseases and to diagnosis diseases. 2. Food: Food materials are entirely composed of carbon compounds viz. carbohydrates (CHO), proteins (NH2-CH-COOH), and fats (CH-COO-CH). Even vitamins are organic in nature. 3. Textiles and clothing: Cloth is made of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, etc. All these mater...