Consumer Chemistry 9 module 2 Organic Compounds PDF

Preview

Summary

Consumer ChemistryQuarter 1- Module 2ORGANIC COMPOUNDS9Region I ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION Alaminos City, Pangasinan Project Write, Write, Write Alternative Instructional ModuleCONSUMER CHEMISTRY 9Alternative Instructional Module Quarter 1 – Module 1: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS First Edition, 2020Republic Act 82...

Description

9 Consumer Chemistry Quarter 1- Module 2

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Region I ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION Alaminos City, Pangasinan Project Write, Write, Write Alternative Instructional Module

CONSUMER CHEMISTRY 9 Alternative Instructional Module Quarter 1 – Module 1: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Alaminos City Division Schools Division Superintendent: Lorna G. Bugayong, PhD, CESO VI Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Aguedo C. Fernandez, CESO VI Development Team of the Module Writer: Vivian R. Camba Editors: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Jose Ramil A. Sibun Reviewers: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Jose Ramil A. Sibun Illustrators: Aldrin R. Gomez, Richard T. Isidro Layout Artist: James Ronald V. Santiago Management Team:

Lorna G. Bugayong, PhD, CESO VI Schools Division Superintendent Aguedo C. Fernandez, CESO VI Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Wilfredo E. Sindayen Division CID Chief Cecilia M. Nisperos., EPS, Science Ronald B. Radoc, EdD, EPS, LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education:

Region I – Alaminos City Division

Office Address:

San Jose Drive, Poblacion, Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Telefax:

(075) 205-0644/205-0643

E-mail Address:

[email protected]

9 Consumer Chemistry Quarter 1 – Module 2

Organic Compounds

1

Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry 9 Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter 1, Module 2: Organic Compounds! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner: Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry 9 Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter 1, Module 2: Organic Compounds! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know

What I Know

What’s In

What’s New

What is It

What’s More

What I Have Learned

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

2

This also tends retention of learned concepts. This contains answers to all activities in the module. Answer Key

At the end of this module you will also find: References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3

What I Need to Know Are you aware that your body is made up of organic compounds? Your skin, hair, muscles, heart, lungs and other organs are all made from organic. Most of the products we are using like medicines, clothing, school supplies, and wood and plastic furniture are all manufactured from organic chemicals. The food you eat during breakfast, lunch and dinner like rice, chicken adobo, fruit and vegetable salad, sugar, milk, chocolates are made from organic compounds. If you look out a window, the beautiful flowers, green grasses, tall trees, birds and insects you may see are also composed of organic compounds. In this module, you will study a variety of organic compounds. It will help you differentiate between organic compounds and inorganic compounds based on some properties.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY Understand of key concepts in organic chemistry, and the uses and benefits of organic compounds to one’s health, industry, and the environment. After using this module, you are expected to attain the following objectives  Compare the properties of organic and inorganic compounds  Explain the property of carbon to form single and multiple bonds in terms of hybridization  Identify the hybrid orbitals of carbon and the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule Are you now ready to learn about organic compounds? Good! Have fun learning!

What I Know

Direction: Read the following questions carefully and write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Organic compounds are ______ based molecules. A. Carbon C. Oxygen B. Hydrogen D. Nitrogen

4

2. Which of the following is an example organic compound? A. Water C. Table salt B. Sugar D. Carbon dioxide 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Carbon? A. It is a metal B. It has four valence electrons. C. It is a relatively large atom. D. It can only bond with other carbon atom. 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of organic compounds? A. Good conductors of heat and electricity B. Mostly are soluble in water C. Formed by ionic bonding D. Generally are flammable 5. How many covalent bonds can be formed by carbon with other elements? A. Two C. Four B. Three D. Five 6. The hybrid sp of carbon contains ____sigma and __ pi bonds. A. 1,2 C. 2,2 B. 1, 3 D. 1,1 7. What are organic compounds? A. Organic compounds are based on carbon, and they usually contain carbon-nitrogen and carbon-silicon bonds. B. Organic compounds are based on nitrogen, and they usually contain carbon-nitrogen and carbon-hydrogen bonds. C. Organic compounds are based on carbon, and they usually contain carbon- hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds. D. Organic compounds are based on hydrogen, and they usually contain carbon hydrogen and carbon-oxygen bonds. 8. Which of the following is NOT typically a property of organic compounds? A. Low boiling point B. Insoluble in water C. Form covalent bonding D. Ability to conduct electricity 9. In the hybridization of carbon, sp3, sp2 and sp are the hybrid orbitals of C. How many sigma and pi bonds are formed by sp3 orbitals? A. 1 sigma and 1 pi bonds B. 2 sigma and 2 pi bonds C. 4 sigma bonds D. 4 pi bonds

5

10. How many pi and sigma bonds does the compound have? H2C = HC – CH2 – CH3 A. 11 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond B. 10 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds C. 5 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds D. 8 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond 11. Which of the following shows the correct covalent bonding pattern of carbon with other elements? A. = C = C. – C – B. ≡ C = D. – C = 12. What type of hybrid exists between carbon – carbon in the structure of this compound: H2C=CH2? A. sp3 - sp3 C. sp -sp B. sp2 - sp2 D. sp - sp2 13. Organic compounds are formed by covalent bonding of carbon with carbon and other elements. What is covalent bonding? A. It is the sharing of electrons between atoms B. It is the free flow of electrons within an atom C. It sis the transferring and sharing of electrons among atoms D. It is the transferring of electrons from one atom to another atom. 14. Which of the following compounds shows sp2 - sp2 - sp2 type of hybrid between its C-C? A. H2C = C = CH2 B. HC ≡ C – CH3 C. H3C – CH2 – CH3 D. H3C – CH = CH2 15. Which of the following statements explain why carbon is able to form more compounds than any other element? I. It can form single, double or triple bonds to other carbon atoms II. It can form other structures from the same formula III. It cannot be decomposed easily. IV. It can branched and form cyclic with other carbons A. I, II, III B. II, III & IV C. I, II & IV D. I, III &IV

Try to remember the questions which you were not able to answer as you read the module and perform the activities and exercises. Find the answers to these questions in the lessons that follow. Have a great day of learning!

6

THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Have you heard about word “organic” food? When you to the supermarket, you can see “Certified organic” and “all natural” that are stamped on the labels of some foods. What made these products different from others? The food industry uses “organic” to indicate foods that have been grown without the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, hormones, and other synthetic chemicals. The original meaning of the word “organic” refers to anything that is or has been alive. In this sense, all vegetables are organic, no matter how they are grown. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that are based on carbon. Natural gas, rubbing alcohol, aspirin, and the compounds that give fragrance to a rose, are all organic compounds. In this module, you will learn how to identify and classify compounds as organic or inorganic compounds. It also explains why there are more existing organic compounds than inorganic compounds.

What’s In

Before knowing the differences between organic and inorganic compounds, let’s recall first some compounds, the elements, their symbols and their group numbers in the periodic table. Activity 1. Let’s Talk About the Elements Direction: Complete the table by filling – up columns 2 (elements and their symbols) and 3 (group number). Name of Compound Water (H2O)

Elements and their symbols

Group Number

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Ammonia (NH3) Methane (CH4) Silicon dioxide (SiO2)

In the above activity, you have identified the elements present in the given compounds. Compounds are chemical combinations of elements and they can be classified into organic and inorganic. Do you know their differences? Let’s find out in the next activity.

7

What’s New

Organic Chemistry deals with the study of organic compounds. Organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds in terms of their properties, source of origin and chemical formulas. Activity 2: Organic Compounds VS Inorganic Compounds Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to compare organic and inorganic compounds. Material: paper and pencil Procedure: A. Identify which of the following properties belong to organic or inorganic compounds. Write OC if it is organic compound or IC if it is Inorganic compound 1. Solution in water generally do not conduct electricity 2. Mostly ionic bonding 3. Are gases, liquids or solids with low melting points 4. Mostly insoluble in water (hydrophobic) 5. Slow to react with other chemicals B. Classify the following materials as organic or inorganic compounds. 1.

4.

2.

5.

3. 6.

8

C. Based on the chemical formulas, identify whether organic or inorganic compounds. 1. CaCO3 2. C2H4 3. K NO3 4. C3H7COOH 5. Al(HCO3)3

What is It Early scientists defined organic compounds as compounds that originate from living things. In 1828, however, the German chemist Friedrich Wohler (1800–1882) made an organic compound called urea, CO(NH2)2, out of an inorganic compound called ammonium cyanate, NH4CN. Urea is found in the urine of mammals. This was the first time in history that a compound normally made only by living things was made from a non-living substance. How do you tell the difference between an organic and an inorganic Compound? In addition to the presence of carbon and the source of origin, organic and inorganic compounds exhibit unique properties that differ from one another. Table 1 summarizes the chemical and physical properties of substances. Table 1: Comparison of the properties of organic and inorganic compounds Organic Compounds 1. Many are soluble in organic solvents such as petroleum, benzene and hexane 2. Mostly insoluble in water (hydrophobic)

Inorganic Compounds 1. Most are not soluble in organic solvents 2. Many are water soluble

3. Solution in water generally do not conduct electricity 4. Almost all burn (flammable) 5. Use mostly covalent bonding 6. Slow to react with other chemicals 7. Are gases, liquids or solids with low melting points

3. When dissolved in water conducts electrical current 4. Most not combustible 5. Mostly ionic bonding 6. Often undergo fast chemical reactions 7. Are generally solids with high melting points

Organic compounds are made up of the element CARBON. However, there are compounds that inorganic even though they have carbon. These include the compounds which contain the following: cyanides (-HCN), carbonates (-CO 3), bicarbonates (-HCO 3) and oxides of carbon (carbon dioxide CO2, and carbon monoxide CO)

9

Organic compounds are typically chains or rings of carbon atoms that contain other elements such as O, N, P, S, Cl, Br and I. There are over five million of these compounds known today and an almost infinite number of new compounds could possibly be synthesized. This can be compared to the total number of inorganic compounds, which is approximately half a million. Organic compounds are derived from three sources: 1. Nature: A wide variety of compounds and materials produced from plants and animals. Examples: fibers, vegetable oils, animal oils and fats, alkaloids, cellulose, starch, sugars, 2. Synthesis: Substances no longer obtained directly from nature. They are manufactured in laboratories from organic starting materials. Examples: fibers, vegetable oils, animal oils and fats, alkaloids, cellulose, starch, sugars, 3. Fermentation: They are derived by the action of microorganisms upon organic matter. Examples: Alcohols, acetone, glycerol, antibiotics, acids

THE ELEMENT CARBON There are several million organic compounds, but only about a quarter of a million inorganic compounds (compounds that are not based on carbon). Why are there so many organic compounds? The answer lies in the bonding properties of carbon. Carbon is capable of catenation, which is the ability of an element to form covalent bonds to itself. Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds to other carbon atoms to form long chains and ring structures; hence it can form molecules that contain from one to an infinite number of C atoms.

What’s New Carbon is a non-metal and is the basic component of organic compounds. Let’s familiarize with the element carbon by doing the following activity. Activity 3: What Makes Carbon Atom Special? Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able identify the properties of carbon. Materials: pen and paper Procedure: Read and understand the poem, “I am Carbon and I am Special”. Then answer the exercise below.

10

I am Carbon and I am Special Vivian R. Camba My name is Carbon C is my chemical symbol I am a non-metal element Belonging to group 14, family IV.

Four dots represent my Lewis structure Surrounding my nucleus with 6 protons I can form four covalent bonds With other elements or another carbon

My atomic number is six And mass number of 12 I have exactly six electrons And in my outermost shell is four

I can form long C-C single bond I gladly form short C=C double bond I can even form strong C≡C triple bond Any combination I can always be found

My electrons are located in s and p orbitals In the periodic table, I belong to p-block In each s orbital, there are 2 pairs of electrons While in p orbital 2 are unpaired electrons.

What made me special? A query by all Limitless bonding, man-made or natural Chain, straight. branched or ring Millions are formed with hydrogen.one

Based on the poem, answer the following: 1. Determine the atomic number, mass number, number of proton, number of neutron and number of electrons of carbon. Atomic number

Mass Number

Number of p+

Number of n0

Number of e-

2. Draw the energy levels and identify the shell and valence electrons of carbon.

C 3. Write the electron configuration and orbital notation of carbon. 1s

2s

2p

4. What are the group number and period number of carbon? Group No. = Period No. = 5. Draw the Lewis dot electron structure of carbon.

6. Show the covalent bonding of carbon with other el...