Contributions of Dr. Roy L. Walford to the theory of low-calorie diets and longevity PDF

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Contributions of Dr. Roy L. Walford to the theory of low-calorie diets and longevity...

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Contributions of Dr. Roy L. Walford to the theory of low-calorie diets and longevity. Low-calorie diets have been used to achieve weight loss in patients who are overweight or obese. This is because they cause a loss of weight that results in a loss of fat mass. At the time of carrying out a hypocaloric diet, it is intended to provide an insufficient amount of energy, this to allow a correct functional activity and is implanted continuously, it is not something raised occasionally, but in a planned way. Most studies of a hypocaloric diet in humans measure biomarkers correlated with longevity. Together, these studies have observed favorable changes in multiple biomarkers, particularly those related to cardiovascular and glucoregulatory function. The goal of CR for humans is to extend life and avoid the dangers associated with low-calorie diets, such as malnutrition, anorexia, or starvation. The science of calorie restriction should cover four basic topics: • When to start CR • How much to eat • What to eat • When to eat When to start RC CR should start when the body has stopped growing, because a low-calorie diet can stunt growth, even when the diet contains all essential nutrients. It is also not advisable to practice CR during pregnancy or when one is sick, since in these cases the body needs good nutrition to form the fetus or to fight the disease. How much to eat the caloric needs of a person are determined by the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the energy necessary for normal metabolic activities, such as breathing, digestion, and the maintenance of body temperature, in addition to the

energy necessary for physical activities. Typically, moderate physical activity can burn 150 to 400 calories per hour, depending on the type of exercise, body size, and the duration and intensity of the exercise. A very active lifestyle consumes a lot of calories and is generally incompatible with calorie restriction. What to eat Food should have the proper ratio of nutrients for each stage of life. A woman of reproductive age needs more iron than a post-menopausal woman. Optimal Nutrition must provide adequate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and probiotic bacteria to keep the body healthy and support the desired level of activity for the best quality of life. There is no general agreement in the CR community on the proportion of protein in the diet, although the Institute of Medicine recommends 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight as a minimum protein intake. Some CR practitioners try to obtain only plant-based protein to reduce the amount of the amino acid methionine, because restriction of methionine has been successful in prolonging life in some animal experiments. When to eat One of the leading theories of aging, the glycation theory, states that excess sugars, such as glucose, produce pathological changes when sugars react with amino acids in proteins producing advanced glycation products. This has motivated many CR practitioners to prevent excessive glucose spikes after eating. Postprandial glucose rise can also be reduced by changing the proportions of macronutrients in the diet by increasing the amount of fat and reducing the number of calories from carbohydrates. These ways of eating avoid consuming large amounts of food while would normally result in elevated blood glucose levels. Likewise, there are different effects on the body when starting a hypocaloric diet, one of them is that the sensation of cold is

more intense. The effects are remarkable on all systems. In the circulatory system, it is observed that in cold conditions, circulation is less in the extremities. This happens because what the body does is minimize energy losses to reduce caloric consumption. This reduces circulation to a minimum and avoids heat losses. The top three killers of adults are heart disease, stroke, and cancer, followed by the combination of pneumonia, flu, and bronchitis, then accidents, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and illness. liver. A strongly hypocaloric diet always ends with forced energy savings before a less restrictive diet, but the fat loss in the first days will be much greater. A less hypocaloric diet does not produce such marked effects, but its effect on fat mass will be much lighter. In CR energy the intake is minimized, but enough vitamins, minerals and other important nutrients must be eaten. Longevity is known as the long duration of life. The hypocaloric diet produces a delay in the appearance of ailments typical of aging. Dietary restriction is considered likely to promote effects on the frequency of glycolysis. Thus, in ad libitum feeding conditions, glycolysis is continuous, while in cases of a hypocaloric diet, glycolysis is discontinuous, operating only postprandially. The hypocaloric diet implies the reduction of 30 to 40% of the food consumption ad libitum. The animal species tested with CR so far, including primates, rats, mice, spiders, have shown the extension of life expectancy. CR is the only known dietary measure capable of prolonging maximum life expectancy, as opposed to the average life expectancy. Thanks to this, it was shown that this regimen, in addition to increasing survival, can prevent or delay most diseases associated with senescence, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. Walford was a pioneer in calorie restriction. He published more than 330 scientific articles on the subject. His eight books included "The Immune Theory of Aging", with Rick Weindruch (1969); "Delayed aging and diet restriction disease" (1988);

and popular science books on aging, including "Beyond the 120-Year Diet" (2000). His scientific work began in the 1960s at UCLA when he was exploring the links between food and longevity. By working with mice, he found that restricting their caloric intake by about 40% could almost double their lifespan, but only if the diet was started at a very young age and they ate a diet rich in nutrients that prevented malnutrition.

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