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Not actual essay but summarizes all of the documents in order to complete the DBQ essay of Jefferson and Madison...

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DBQ Analysis: Jefferson v. Madison Directions: As you read through each document as a group, analyze the document like an historian. While keeping in mind the question posed by the DBQ: Identify the Histoical context, Author’s point of view, Purpose of the document, and the Intended Audience. Make sure you are HAPI with how you analyze each document! Document A: Thomas Jefferson to Gideon Granger (1800) Thomas Jefferson is saying what he wants to withhold in the government: a majority legislature, and well as the preservation of the federal Constitution. Jefferson believes the preservation of the Constitution was essential to live a harmonious and solid country. He also adds that their government is too large for everything to be held by a single government. Jefferson stresses the importance of state governments because you believe that the country should never resort to having one powerful government because it would reproduce the ruling tactics of monarchy that Americans fought against during the revolution. He is saying this to Gideon Granger, a future member of his cabinet. Historical context is Gabriel’s rebellion is occurring as well in 1800.

Document B: Jefferson to Samuel Miller (1808) Jefferson explains how the government of the US was prohibited by the Constitution to interfere with religious institutions and couldn’t require their practices within the federal government. That power relies within the states.

Document C: Alexander Anderson cartoon (1808) Alexander Anderson’s cartoon is criticizing Jefferson’s Embargo that banned all American shipping to foreign ports. It is a very detailed cartoon, where Anderson portrays the economic damage that Americans are facing from this Embargo Act. Jefferson helped pass this act which went entirely against his belief and weak government. By passing this act, demonstrated the federal government's power over the people in the states. Exercise massive Federal power to achieve his political goals. This cartoon implies anger and disgust, portraying Jefferson as a bad guy because they must disagree with the Embargo.

Document D: Daniel Webster’s speech on a conscription bill (1814) To rally people together and that the military draft is unconstitutional because it takes people away from their families. Webster is upset that Madison took it upon himself to decide that the federal government has the power to have a military draft. The Federalists made the point that there is nowhere in the Constitution that stated anything about drafting young men to fight a war. Daniel says that if they can prove that this right is in the Constitution then they might as well say Congress has the power to create a dictator.

Document E: Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention (1815) The historical context is the Treaty of Ghent. A party met at the Hartford Convention to lay out the political problems they have and want to ensure among the Congress and other states. The Federalists made a complaint about their own idea, the power of the federal government. Since the Embargo Act deeply hurt them oh, they tried to get an amendment to take away that power from the Congress in the involvement of foreign trade. The Convention adopted these resolutions.

Document F: John Randolph in a speech to the House on tariffs (1816) John speaks to the House on the proposed tariff made in 1816. He says that the new principle is old federalism with the appearance of republicanism. He adds that the tariff favors the manufacturers and worsens the troubles of the people. Madison recommended a charter of the national bank and a tariff to protect young industries. John and plays that Madison has surrendered his republicanism ideals and is revealing a more federalist point of view. Madison's actions do not correspond with the original beliefs of his party. John says that Congress was made so that they could regulate issues like this among the US, but instead lay taxes, distracted by revenue. He is on the side of the regular people in this speech, and his intended audience is the House to see why tariff is unfair for all the people.

Document G: Thomas Jefferson to Samuel Kercheval (1816) Thomas Jefferson states how some people view the Constitution very admirable and almost holy document. But Jefferson adds that the Consitution should be altered as humans progress. There should be alterations due to the changes that occur among the people and the circumstances. He believes that the Constitution should be kept in pace with the times.

Document H: James Madison: To Congress vetoing an Internal Improvements Bill (1817)

Madison speaks on why a bill that requests funds for internal improvements was denied by Congress. A bill to take money and put it towards building roads and canals. He feared that the people that created the infrastructure bill were too fast and loose with the Constitution; he felt that Congress did not have the power under the Constitution to affect internal improvements. There was no amendment to back up this bill in the Constitution. this left it to the states and private companies to do but wanted to be done in this bill....